9 - QSPI Flash读写测试实验

1 实验任务

本实验任务是使用PS侧的QSPI Flash控制器,先后对QSPI Flash 进行写、 读操作。通过对比读出的数据是否等于写入的数据, 从而验证读写操作是否正确。

2 系统框图

在这里插入图片描述

3 硬件设计

  1. 添加ZYNQ7 Processing System IP核
    • 在Peripheral I/O页面
      • 勾选Quad SPI Flash.Single SS 4bit IO
      • 勾选UART
        在这里插入图片描述

4 软件设计

注意事项:这里必须详细记录一下整个的调试过程

  1. 最初在进行程序固化实验时
    • 1)从SD卡可以启动
    • 2)从QSPI Flash无法启动,显示回读数据错误,校验失败;此时,我一脸懵逼,因为刚拿到开发板的时候,也进行过程序固化实验,清晰地记得当时从SD卡和QSPI Flash启动都是可以的,怎么现在从QSPI Flash启动就不行了呢?在没有手段和头绪的情况下,只能怀疑Flash芯片是不是坏了
  2. 修改例程使程序能够遍历Flash芯片的16MB空间(W25Q256JV芯片大小为32MB,但是QSPI Flash控制器使用3字节地址,只能访问16MB的空间)
  • 1)测试发现0MB ➡ 8MB数据读写比较有错误,8MB ➡ 16MB数据读写比较正常
  • 2)研究芯片手册发现,芯片有写保护设置,通过状态寄存器的TB位、BP3~BP0位、CMP位和WPS位等可以控制芯片的哪些块只能读取不能擦除和写入,即写保护
  • 3)编写FlashReadStatus函数,读取Flash的状态寄存器,发现TB=1,BP3~BP0=1000b,CMP=0,WPS=0,对应芯片的低四分之一区域被写保护了
  • 4)编写FlashWriteStatus函数,将状态寄存器的值恢复到出厂设置状态
  1. 在恢复状态寄存器的出场设置状态时发现,Status Register-1的QE位写0写不进去,一直为1,最后在芯片手册的9.8 Ordering Information小节找到了答案,如下图所示,对于W25Q256JV系列芯片,型号最后一位是Q和N的,QE位出场设置为1且固定(即不可修改)
    在这里插入图片描述
/***************************** Include Files *********************************/
#include "xparameters.h"	/* SDK generated parameters */
#include "xqspips.h"		/* QSPI device driver */
#include "stdio.h"
#include "sleep.h"
/************************** Constant Definitions *****************************/
#define QSPI_DEVICE_ID		XPAR_XQSPIPS_0_DEVICE_ID

/* The following constants define the commands which may be sent to the FLASH device. */
#define WRITE_STATUS_CMD	0x01
#define WRITE_CMD			0x02
#define READ_CMD			0x03
#define WRITE_DISABLE_CMD	0x04
#define READ_STATUS_CMD		0x05
#define WRITE_ENABLE_CMD	0x06
#define FAST_READ_CMD		0x0B
#define DUAL_READ_CMD		0x3B
#define QUAD_READ_CMD		0x6B
#define BULK_ERASE_CMD		0xC7
#define	SEC_ERASE_CMD		0xD8
#define READ_ID				0x9F

#define WRITE_STATUS2_CMD	0x31
#define WRITE_STATUS3_CMD	0x11

#define READ_STATUS2_CMD	0x35
#define READ_STATUS3_CMD	0x15

/* The following constants define the offsets within a FlashBuffer data type for each kind of data. */
#define COMMAND_OFFSET		0 /* FLASH instruction */
#define ADDRESS_1_OFFSET	1 /* MSB byte of address to read or write */
#define ADDRESS_2_OFFSET	2 /* Middle byte of address to read or write */
#define ADDRESS_3_OFFSET	3 /* LSB byte of address to read or write */
#define DATA_OFFSET			4 /* Start of Data for Read/Write */
#define DUMMY_OFFSET		4 /* Dummy byte offset for fast, dual and quad reads */
#define DUMMY_SIZE			1 /* Number of dummy bytes for fast, dual and quad reads */
#define RD_ID_SIZE			4 /* Read ID command + 3 bytes ID response */
#define BULK_ERASE_SIZE		1 /* Bulk Erase command size */
#define SEC_ERASE_SIZE		4 /* Sector Erase command + Sector address */

#define OVERHEAD_SIZE		4

/* The following constants specify the page size, sector size, and number of pages and sectors for the FLASH. */
#define SECTOR_SIZE			0x1000
#define NUM_SECTORS			0x1000
#define NUM_PAGES			0x20000
#define PAGE_SIZE			256

/* Number of flash pages to be written.*/
#define PAGE_COUNT			16 // 4KB

/* Flash address to which data is ot be written.*/
#define TEST_ADDRESS		0x00000000
#define UNIQUE_VALUE		0x00

#define MAX_DATA			(PAGE_COUNT * PAGE_SIZE)
/**************************** Type Definitions *******************************/

/***************** Macros (Inline Functions) Definitions *********************/

/************************** Function Prototypes ******************************/
void FlashErase(XQspiPs *QspiPtr, u32 Address, u32 ByteCount);
void FlashWrite(XQspiPs *QspiPtr, u32 Address, u32 ByteCount, u8 Command);
void FlashRead(XQspiPs *QspiPtr, u32 Address, u32 ByteCount, u8 Command);
int  FlashReadID(XQspiPs *QspiPtr);
void FlashReadStatus(XQspiPs *QspiPtr);
void FlashWriteStatus(XQspiPs *QspiPtr);
void FlashQuadEnable(XQspiPs *QspiPtr);
int  QspiFlashPolledExample(XQspiPs *QspiInstancePtr, u16 QspiDeviceId);
/************************** Variable Definitions *****************************/
static XQspiPs QspiInstance;

u8 ReadBuffer[MAX_DATA + DATA_OFFSET + DUMMY_SIZE];
u8 WriteBuffer[PAGE_SIZE + DATA_OFFSET];

u32 BadSectorCount = 0;
/*****************************************************************************/
int main(void)
{
	//
	int Status;

	//
	printf("QSPI FLASH Write and Read Test\n");

	/* Run the Qspi Interrupt example.*/
	Status = QspiFlashPolledExample(&QspiInstance, QSPI_DEVICE_ID);
	if (Status != XST_SUCCESS) {
		printf("QSPI FLASH Polled Example Test Failed\n");
		return XST_FAILURE;
	}

	//
	printf("BadSectorCount = %lu\n", BadSectorCount);

	//
	printf("Successfully Ran QSPI FLASH Write and Read Test\n");

	//
	return XST_SUCCESS;
}
/*****************************************************************************/
int QspiFlashPolledExample(XQspiPs *QspiInstancePtr, u16 QspiDeviceId)
{
	//
	int Status;
	u8 *BufferPtr;
	u8 UniqueValue;
	int Count;
	int Page;
	XQspiPs_Config *QspiConfig;

	/* Initialize the QSPI driver so that it's ready to use */
	QspiConfig = XQspiPs_LookupConfig(QspiDeviceId);
	if (QspiConfig == NULL) {
		return XST_FAILURE;
	}

	Status = XQspiPs_CfgInitialize(QspiInstancePtr, QspiConfig, QspiConfig->BaseAddress);
	if (Status != XST_SUCCESS) {
		return XST_FAILURE;
	}

	/* Perform a self-test to check hardware build */
	Status = XQspiPs_SelfTest(QspiInstancePtr);
	if (Status != XST_SUCCESS) {
		return XST_FAILURE;
	}

	/* Set Manual Start and Manual Chip select options and drive HOLD_B pin high */
	XQspiPs_SetOptions(QspiInstancePtr, XQSPIPS_MANUAL_START_OPTION | XQSPIPS_FORCE_SSELECT_OPTION | XQSPIPS_HOLD_B_DRIVE_OPTION);

	/* Set the prescaler for QSPI clock */
	XQspiPs_SetClkPrescaler(QspiInstancePtr, XQSPIPS_CLK_PRESCALE_4);

	/* Assert the FLASH chip select */
	XQspiPs_SetSlaveSelect(QspiInstancePtr);

	/* Write the flash status */
	FlashWriteStatus(QspiInstancePtr);

	/* Read the flash status */
	FlashReadStatus(QspiInstancePtr);

	/* Read the flash id */
	FlashReadID(QspiInstancePtr);

	/* Enabe Quad SPI Operation */
	FlashQuadEnable(QspiInstancePtr);

	//
	printf("\n");

	/* Initialize the write buffer */
	for (UniqueValue = UNIQUE_VALUE, Count = 0; Count < PAGE_SIZE; Count++, UniqueValue++) {
		WriteBuffer[DATA_OFFSET + Count] = (u8)UniqueValue;
	}
	/* Traverse the entire flash */
	for (u32 SectorCount = 0; SectorCount < NUM_SECTORS; SectorCount++) {
		/* Erase the flash */
		FlashErase(QspiInstancePtr, TEST_ADDRESS + (SectorCount * SECTOR_SIZE), MAX_DATA);

		printf("Erase flash sector %lu done.\n", SectorCount);
		/* Write the flash */
		for (Page = 0; Page < PAGE_COUNT; Page++) {
			FlashWrite(QspiInstancePtr, (Page * PAGE_SIZE) + TEST_ADDRESS + (SectorCount * SECTOR_SIZE), PAGE_SIZE, WRITE_CMD);
		}
		printf("Write flash sector %lu done.\n", SectorCount);

		/* Read the flash */
		memset(ReadBuffer, 0x00, sizeof(ReadBuffer));
		FlashRead(QspiInstancePtr, TEST_ADDRESS + (SectorCount * SECTOR_SIZE), MAX_DATA, QUAD_READ_CMD);
		printf("Read flash sector %lu done.\n", SectorCount);

		/* Compare the data */
		BufferPtr = &ReadBuffer[DATA_OFFSET + DUMMY_SIZE];
		for (UniqueValue = UNIQUE_VALUE, Count = 0; Count < MAX_DATA; Count++, UniqueValue++) {
			if (BufferPtr[Count] != (u8)UniqueValue) {
				BadSectorCount++;
				printf("Sector %lu is bad, BufferPtr[%d] = %hhu\n", SectorCount, Count, BufferPtr[Count]);
				break;
			}
		}
		printf("Compare flash sector %lu done.\n", SectorCount);

		//
		printf("\n");
	}

	//
	return XST_SUCCESS;
}
/*****************************************************************************/
void FlashWrite(XQspiPs *QspiPtr, u32 Address, u32 ByteCount, u8 Command)
{
	u8 WriteEnableCmd = { WRITE_ENABLE_CMD };
	u8 ReadStatusCmd[] = { READ_STATUS_CMD, 0 };  /* must send 2 bytes */
	u8 FlashStatus[2];

	/*
	 * Send the write enable command to the FLASH so that it can be
	 * written to, this needs to be sent as a seperate transfer before
	 * the write
	 */
	XQspiPs_PolledTransfer(QspiPtr, &WriteEnableCmd, NULL,
				sizeof(WriteEnableCmd));


	/*
	 * Setup the write command with the specified address and data for the
	 * FLASH
	 */
	WriteBuffer[COMMAND_OFFSET]   = Command;
	WriteBuffer[ADDRESS_1_OFFSET] = (u8)((Address & 0xFF0000) >> 16);
	WriteBuffer[ADDRESS_2_OFFSET] = (u8)((Address & 0xFF00) >> 8);
	WriteBuffer[ADDRESS_3_OFFSET] = (u8)(Address & 0xFF);

	/*
	 * Send the write command, address, and data to the FLASH to be
	 * written, no receive buffer is specified since there is nothing to
	 * receive
	 */
	XQspiPs_PolledTransfer(QspiPtr, WriteBuffer, NULL,
				ByteCount + OVERHEAD_SIZE);

	/*
	 * Wait for the write command to the FLASH to be completed, it takes
	 * some time for the data to be written
	 */
	while (1) {
		/*
		 * Poll the status register of the FLASH to determine when it
		 * completes, by sending a read status command and receiving the
		 * status byte
		 */
		XQspiPs_PolledTransfer(QspiPtr, ReadStatusCmd, FlashStatus,
					sizeof(ReadStatusCmd));

		/*
		 * If the status indicates the write is done, then stop waiting,
		 * if a value of 0xFF in the status byte is read from the
		 * device and this loop never exits, the device slave select is
		 * possibly incorrect such that the device status is not being
		 * read
		 */
		if ((FlashStatus[1] & 0x01) == 0) {
			break;
		}
	}
}
/*****************************************************************************/
void FlashRead(XQspiPs *QspiPtr, u32 Address, u32 ByteCount, u8 Command)
{
	/*
	 * Setup the write command with the specified address and data for the
	 * FLASH
	 */
	WriteBuffer[COMMAND_OFFSET]   = Command;
	WriteBuffer[ADDRESS_1_OFFSET] = (u8)((Address & 0xFF0000) >> 16);
	WriteBuffer[ADDRESS_2_OFFSET] = (u8)((Address & 0xFF00) >> 8);
	WriteBuffer[ADDRESS_3_OFFSET] = (u8)(Address & 0xFF);

	if ((Command == FAST_READ_CMD) || (Command == DUAL_READ_CMD) ||
	    (Command == QUAD_READ_CMD)) {
		ByteCount += DUMMY_SIZE;
	}
	/*
	 * Send the read command to the FLASH to read the specified number
	 * of bytes from the FLASH, send the read command and address and
	 * receive the specified number of bytes of data in the data buffer
	 */
	XQspiPs_PolledTransfer(QspiPtr, WriteBuffer, ReadBuffer,
				ByteCount + OVERHEAD_SIZE);
}
/*****************************************************************************/
void FlashErase(XQspiPs *QspiPtr, u32 Address, u32 ByteCount)
{
	u8 WriteEnableCmd = { WRITE_ENABLE_CMD };
	u8 ReadStatusCmd[] = { READ_STATUS_CMD, 0 };  /* must send 2 bytes */
	u8 FlashStatus[2];
	int Sector;

	/*
	 * If erase size is same as the total size of the flash, use bulk erase
	 * command
	 */
	if (ByteCount == (NUM_SECTORS * SECTOR_SIZE)) {
		/*
		 * Send the write enable command to the FLASH so that it can be
		 * written to, this needs to be sent as a seperate transfer
		 * before the erase
		 */
		XQspiPs_PolledTransfer(QspiPtr, &WriteEnableCmd, NULL,
				  sizeof(WriteEnableCmd));

		/* Setup the bulk erase command*/
		WriteBuffer[COMMAND_OFFSET]   = BULK_ERASE_CMD;

		/*
		 * Send the bulk erase command; no receive buffer is specified
		 * since there is nothing to receive
		 */
		XQspiPs_PolledTransfer(QspiPtr, WriteBuffer, NULL,
					BULK_ERASE_SIZE);

		/* Wait for the erase command to the FLASH to be completed*/
		while (1) {
			/*
			 * Poll the status register of the device to determine
			 * when it completes, by sending a read status command
			 * and receiving the status byte
			 */
			XQspiPs_PolledTransfer(QspiPtr, ReadStatusCmd,
						FlashStatus,
						sizeof(ReadStatusCmd));

			/*
			 * If the status indicates the write is done, then stop
			 * waiting; if a value of 0xFF in the status byte is
			 * read from the device and this loop never exits, the
			 * device slave select is possibly incorrect such that
			 * the device status is not being read
			 */
			if ((FlashStatus[1] & 0x01) == 0) {
				break;
			}
		}

		return;
	}

	/*
	 * If the erase size is less than the total size of the flash, use
	 * sector erase command
	 */
	for (Sector = 0; Sector < ((ByteCount / SECTOR_SIZE) + 1); Sector++) {
		/*
		 * Send the write enable command to the SEEPOM so that it can be
		 * written to, this needs to be sent as a seperate transfer
		 * before the write
		 */
		XQspiPs_PolledTransfer(QspiPtr, &WriteEnableCmd, NULL,
					sizeof(WriteEnableCmd));

		/*
		 * Setup the write command with the specified address and data
		 * for the FLASH
		 */
		WriteBuffer[COMMAND_OFFSET]   = SEC_ERASE_CMD;
		WriteBuffer[ADDRESS_1_OFFSET] = (u8)(Address >> 16);
		WriteBuffer[ADDRESS_2_OFFSET] = (u8)(Address >> 8);
		WriteBuffer[ADDRESS_3_OFFSET] = (u8)(Address & 0xFF);

		/*
		 * Send the sector erase command and address; no receive buffer
		 * is specified since there is nothing to receive
		 */
		XQspiPs_PolledTransfer(QspiPtr, WriteBuffer, NULL,
					SEC_ERASE_SIZE);

		/*
		 * Wait for the sector erse command to the
		 * FLASH to be completed
		 */
		while (1) {
			/*
			 * Poll the status register of the device to determine
			 * when it completes, by sending a read status command
			 * and receiving the status byte
			 */
			XQspiPs_PolledTransfer(QspiPtr, ReadStatusCmd,
						FlashStatus,
						sizeof(ReadStatusCmd));

			/*
			 * If the status indicates the write is done, then stop
			 * waiting, if a value of 0xFF in the status byte is
			 * read from the device and this loop never exits, the
			 * device slave select is possibly incorrect such that
			 * the device status is not being read
			 */
			if ((FlashStatus[1] & 0x01) == 0) {
				break;
			}
		}

		Address += SECTOR_SIZE;
	}
}
/*****************************************************************************/
void FlashWriteStatus(XQspiPs *QspiPtr)
{
	//
	u8 WriteEnableCmd    = {WRITE_ENABLE_CMD};
	u8 WriteStatus1Cmd[] = {WRITE_STATUS_CMD, 0x0};
	u8 WriteStatus2Cmd[] = {WRITE_STATUS2_CMD, 0x00};
	u8 WriteStatus3Cmd[] = {WRITE_STATUS3_CMD, 0x60};

	// Write Status Register - 1
	XQspiPs_PolledTransfer(QspiPtr, &WriteEnableCmd, NULL, sizeof(WriteEnableCmd));
	XQspiPs_PolledTransfer(QspiPtr, WriteStatus1Cmd, NULL, sizeof(WriteStatus1Cmd));
	usleep(10000);

	// Write Status Register - 2
	XQspiPs_PolledTransfer(QspiPtr, &WriteEnableCmd, NULL, sizeof(WriteEnableCmd));
	XQspiPs_PolledTransfer(QspiPtr, WriteStatus2Cmd, NULL, sizeof(WriteStatus2Cmd));
	usleep(10000);

	// Write Status Register - 3
	XQspiPs_PolledTransfer(QspiPtr, &WriteEnableCmd, NULL, sizeof(WriteEnableCmd));
	XQspiPs_PolledTransfer(QspiPtr, WriteStatus3Cmd, NULL, sizeof(WriteStatus3Cmd));
	usleep(10000);

	//
	return;
}
/*****************************************************************************/
void FlashReadStatus(XQspiPs *QspiPtr)
{
	//
	u8 ReadStatus1Cmd[] = {READ_STATUS_CMD, 0};
	u8 ReadStatus2Cmd[] = {READ_STATUS2_CMD, 0};
	u8 ReadStatus3Cmd[] = {READ_STATUS3_CMD, 0};
	u8 FlashStatus[2];

	// Read Status Register - 1
	XQspiPs_PolledTransfer(QspiPtr, ReadStatus1Cmd, FlashStatus, sizeof(ReadStatus1Cmd));
	printf("Flash Status Register 1 = 0x%02x\n", FlashStatus[1]);
	usleep(10000);

	// Read Status Register - 2
	XQspiPs_PolledTransfer(QspiPtr, ReadStatus2Cmd, FlashStatus, sizeof(ReadStatus2Cmd));
	printf("Flash Status Register 2 = 0x%02x\n", FlashStatus[1]);
	usleep(10000);

	// Read Status Register - 3
	XQspiPs_PolledTransfer(QspiPtr, ReadStatus3Cmd, FlashStatus, sizeof(ReadStatus3Cmd));
	printf("Flash Status Register 3 = 0x%02x\n", FlashStatus[1]);
	usleep(10000);

	//
	return;
}
/*****************************************************************************/
int FlashReadID(XQspiPs *QspiPtr)
{
	//
	int Status;
	u8 ReadIdCmd[] = {READ_ID, 0x23, 0x08, 0x09}; /* 3 dummy bytes */
	u8 FlashId[4];

	//
	Status = XQspiPs_PolledTransfer(QspiPtr, ReadIdCmd, FlashId, RD_ID_SIZE);
	if (Status != XST_SUCCESS) {
		return XST_FAILURE;
	}

	//
	printf("FlashID=0x%x 0x%x 0x%x\n", FlashId[1], FlashId[2], FlashId[3]);

	//
	return XST_SUCCESS;
}
/*****************************************************************************/
void FlashQuadEnable(XQspiPs *QspiPtr)
{
	//
	u8 WriteEnableCmd  = {WRITE_ENABLE_CMD};
	u8 ReadStatusCmd[] = {READ_STATUS2_CMD, 0};
	u8 QuadEnableCmd[] = {WRITE_STATUS2_CMD, 0};
	u8 FlashStatus[2];

	//
	if (ReadBuffer[1] == 0xEF) { // Winbond Serial Flash
		//
		XQspiPs_PolledTransfer(QspiPtr, ReadStatusCmd, FlashStatus, sizeof(ReadStatusCmd));
		QuadEnableCmd[1] = FlashStatus[1] | (1 << 1);
		//
		XQspiPs_PolledTransfer(QspiPtr, &WriteEnableCmd, NULL, sizeof(WriteEnableCmd));
		XQspiPs_PolledTransfer(QspiPtr, QuadEnableCmd, NULL, sizeof(QuadEnableCmd));
	}

	//
	return;
}
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