1 实验任务
本实验任务是使用PS侧的QSPI Flash控制器,先后对QSPI Flash 进行写、 读操作。通过对比读出的数据是否等于写入的数据, 从而验证读写操作是否正确。
2 系统框图
3 硬件设计
- 添加ZYNQ7 Processing System IP核
- 在Peripheral I/O页面
- 勾选Quad SPI Flash.Single SS 4bit IO
- 勾选UART
- 在Peripheral I/O页面
4 软件设计
注意事项:这里必须详细记录一下整个的调试过程
- 最初在进行程序固化实验时
- 1)从SD卡可以启动
- 2)从QSPI Flash无法启动,显示回读数据错误,校验失败;此时,我一脸懵逼,因为刚拿到开发板的时候,也进行过程序固化实验,清晰地记得当时从SD卡和QSPI Flash启动都是可以的,怎么现在从QSPI Flash启动就不行了呢?在没有手段和头绪的情况下,只能怀疑Flash芯片是不是坏了
- 修改例程使程序能够遍历Flash芯片的16MB空间(W25Q256JV芯片大小为32MB,但是QSPI Flash控制器使用3字节地址,只能访问16MB的空间)
- 1)测试发现0MB ➡ 8MB数据读写比较有错误,8MB ➡ 16MB数据读写比较正常
- 2)研究芯片手册发现,芯片有写保护设置,通过状态寄存器的TB位、BP3~BP0位、CMP位和WPS位等可以控制芯片的哪些块只能读取不能擦除和写入,即写保护
- 3)编写FlashReadStatus函数,读取Flash的状态寄存器,发现TB=1,BP3~BP0=1000b,CMP=0,WPS=0,对应芯片的低四分之一区域被写保护了
- 4)编写FlashWriteStatus函数,将状态寄存器的值恢复到出厂设置状态
- 在恢复状态寄存器的出场设置状态时发现,Status Register-1的QE位写0写不进去,一直为1,最后在芯片手册的9.8 Ordering Information小节找到了答案,如下图所示,对于W25Q256JV系列芯片,型号最后一位是Q和N的,QE位出场设置为1且固定(即不可修改)
/***************************** Include Files *********************************/
#include "xparameters.h" /* SDK generated parameters */
#include "xqspips.h" /* QSPI device driver */
#include "stdio.h"
#include "sleep.h"
/************************** Constant Definitions *****************************/
#define QSPI_DEVICE_ID XPAR_XQSPIPS_0_DEVICE_ID
/* The following constants define the commands which may be sent to the FLASH device. */
#define WRITE_STATUS_CMD 0x01
#define WRITE_CMD 0x02
#define READ_CMD 0x03
#define WRITE_DISABLE_CMD 0x04
#define READ_STATUS_CMD 0x05
#define WRITE_ENABLE_CMD 0x06
#define FAST_READ_CMD 0x0B
#define DUAL_READ_CMD 0x3B
#define QUAD_READ_CMD 0x6B
#define BULK_ERASE_CMD 0xC7
#define SEC_ERASE_CMD 0xD8
#define READ_ID 0x9F
#define WRITE_STATUS2_CMD 0x31
#define WRITE_STATUS3_CMD 0x11
#define READ_STATUS2_CMD 0x35
#define READ_STATUS3_CMD 0x15
/* The following constants define the offsets within a FlashBuffer data type for each kind of data. */
#define COMMAND_OFFSET 0 /* FLASH instruction */
#define ADDRESS_1_OFFSET 1 /* MSB byte of address to read or write */
#define ADDRESS_2_OFFSET 2 /* Middle byte of address to read or write */
#define ADDRESS_3_OFFSET 3 /* LSB byte of address to read or write */
#define DATA_OFFSET 4 /* Start of Data for Read/Write */
#define DUMMY_OFFSET 4 /* Dummy byte offset for fast, dual and quad reads */
#define DUMMY_SIZE 1 /* Number of dummy bytes for fast, dual and quad reads */
#define RD_ID_SIZE 4 /* Read ID command + 3 bytes ID response */
#define BULK_ERASE_SIZE 1 /* Bulk Erase command size */
#define SEC_ERASE_SIZE 4 /* Sector Erase command + Sector address */
#define OVERHEAD_SIZE 4
/* The following constants specify the page size, sector size, and number of pages and sectors for the FLASH. */
#define SECTOR_SIZE 0x1000
#define NUM_SECTORS 0x1000
#define NUM_PAGES 0x20000
#define PAGE_SIZE 256
/* Number of flash pages to be written.*/
#define PAGE_COUNT 16 // 4KB
/* Flash address to which data is ot be written.*/
#define TEST_ADDRESS 0x00000000
#define UNIQUE_VALUE 0x00
#define MAX_DATA (PAGE_COUNT * PAGE_SIZE)
/**************************** Type Definitions *******************************/
/***************** Macros (Inline Functions) Definitions *********************/
/************************** Function Prototypes ******************************/
void FlashErase(XQspiPs *QspiPtr, u32 Address, u32 ByteCount);
void FlashWrite(XQspiPs *QspiPtr, u32 Address, u32 ByteCount, u8 Command);
void FlashRead(XQspiPs *QspiPtr, u32 Address, u32 ByteCount, u8 Command);
int FlashReadID(XQspiPs *QspiPtr);
void FlashReadStatus(XQspiPs *QspiPtr);
void FlashWriteStatus(XQspiPs *QspiPtr);
void FlashQuadEnable(XQspiPs *QspiPtr);
int QspiFlashPolledExample(XQspiPs *QspiInstancePtr, u16 QspiDeviceId);
/************************** Variable Definitions *****************************/
static XQspiPs QspiInstance;
u8 ReadBuffer[MAX_DATA + DATA_OFFSET + DUMMY_SIZE];
u8 WriteBuffer[PAGE_SIZE + DATA_OFFSET];
u32 BadSectorCount = 0;
/*****************************************************************************/
int main(void)
{
//
int Status;
//
printf("QSPI FLASH Write and Read Test\n");
/* Run the Qspi Interrupt example.*/
Status = QspiFlashPolledExample(&QspiInstance, QSPI_DEVICE_ID);
if (Status != XST_SUCCESS) {
printf("QSPI FLASH Polled Example Test Failed\n");
return XST_FAILURE;
}
//
printf("BadSectorCount = %lu\n", BadSectorCount);
//
printf("Successfully Ran QSPI FLASH Write and Read Test\n");
//
return XST_SUCCESS;
}
/*****************************************************************************/
int QspiFlashPolledExample(XQspiPs *QspiInstancePtr, u16 QspiDeviceId)
{
//
int Status;
u8 *BufferPtr;
u8 UniqueValue;
int Count;
int Page;
XQspiPs_Config *QspiConfig;
/* Initialize the QSPI driver so that it's ready to use */
QspiConfig = XQspiPs_LookupConfig(QspiDeviceId);
if (QspiConfig == NULL) {
return XST_FAILURE;
}
Status = XQspiPs_CfgInitialize(QspiInstancePtr, QspiConfig, QspiConfig->BaseAddress);
if (Status != XST_SUCCESS) {
return XST_FAILURE;
}
/* Perform a self-test to check hardware build */
Status = XQspiPs_SelfTest(QspiInstancePtr);
if (Status != XST_SUCCESS) {
return XST_FAILURE;
}
/* Set Manual Start and Manual Chip select options and drive HOLD_B pin high */
XQspiPs_SetOptions(QspiInstancePtr, XQSPIPS_MANUAL_START_OPTION | XQSPIPS_FORCE_SSELECT_OPTION | XQSPIPS_HOLD_B_DRIVE_OPTION);
/* Set the prescaler for QSPI clock */
XQspiPs_SetClkPrescaler(QspiInstancePtr, XQSPIPS_CLK_PRESCALE_4);
/* Assert the FLASH chip select */
XQspiPs_SetSlaveSelect(QspiInstancePtr);
/* Write the flash status */
FlashWriteStatus(QspiInstancePtr);
/* Read the flash status */
FlashReadStatus(QspiInstancePtr);
/* Read the flash id */
FlashReadID(QspiInstancePtr);
/* Enabe Quad SPI Operation */
FlashQuadEnable(QspiInstancePtr);
//
printf("\n");
/* Initialize the write buffer */
for (UniqueValue = UNIQUE_VALUE, Count = 0; Count < PAGE_SIZE; Count++, UniqueValue++) {
WriteBuffer[DATA_OFFSET + Count] = (u8)UniqueValue;
}
/* Traverse the entire flash */
for (u32 SectorCount = 0; SectorCount < NUM_SECTORS; SectorCount++) {
/* Erase the flash */
FlashErase(QspiInstancePtr, TEST_ADDRESS + (SectorCount * SECTOR_SIZE), MAX_DATA);
printf("Erase flash sector %lu done.\n", SectorCount);
/* Write the flash */
for (Page = 0; Page < PAGE_COUNT; Page++) {
FlashWrite(QspiInstancePtr, (Page * PAGE_SIZE) + TEST_ADDRESS + (SectorCount * SECTOR_SIZE), PAGE_SIZE, WRITE_CMD);
}
printf("Write flash sector %lu done.\n", SectorCount);
/* Read the flash */
memset(ReadBuffer, 0x00, sizeof(ReadBuffer));
FlashRead(QspiInstancePtr, TEST_ADDRESS + (SectorCount * SECTOR_SIZE), MAX_DATA, QUAD_READ_CMD);
printf("Read flash sector %lu done.\n", SectorCount);
/* Compare the data */
BufferPtr = &ReadBuffer[DATA_OFFSET + DUMMY_SIZE];
for (UniqueValue = UNIQUE_VALUE, Count = 0; Count < MAX_DATA; Count++, UniqueValue++) {
if (BufferPtr[Count] != (u8)UniqueValue) {
BadSectorCount++;
printf("Sector %lu is bad, BufferPtr[%d] = %hhu\n", SectorCount, Count, BufferPtr[Count]);
break;
}
}
printf("Compare flash sector %lu done.\n", SectorCount);
//
printf("\n");
}
//
return XST_SUCCESS;
}
/*****************************************************************************/
void FlashWrite(XQspiPs *QspiPtr, u32 Address, u32 ByteCount, u8 Command)
{
u8 WriteEnableCmd = { WRITE_ENABLE_CMD };
u8 ReadStatusCmd[] = { READ_STATUS_CMD, 0 }; /* must send 2 bytes */
u8 FlashStatus[2];
/*
* Send the write enable command to the FLASH so that it can be
* written to, this needs to be sent as a seperate transfer before
* the write
*/
XQspiPs_PolledTransfer(QspiPtr, &WriteEnableCmd, NULL,
sizeof(WriteEnableCmd));
/*
* Setup the write command with the specified address and data for the
* FLASH
*/
WriteBuffer[COMMAND_OFFSET] = Command;
WriteBuffer[ADDRESS_1_OFFSET] = (u8)((Address & 0xFF0000) >> 16);
WriteBuffer[ADDRESS_2_OFFSET] = (u8)((Address & 0xFF00) >> 8);
WriteBuffer[ADDRESS_3_OFFSET] = (u8)(Address & 0xFF);
/*
* Send the write command, address, and data to the FLASH to be
* written, no receive buffer is specified since there is nothing to
* receive
*/
XQspiPs_PolledTransfer(QspiPtr, WriteBuffer, NULL,
ByteCount + OVERHEAD_SIZE);
/*
* Wait for the write command to the FLASH to be completed, it takes
* some time for the data to be written
*/
while (1) {
/*
* Poll the status register of the FLASH to determine when it
* completes, by sending a read status command and receiving the
* status byte
*/
XQspiPs_PolledTransfer(QspiPtr, ReadStatusCmd, FlashStatus,
sizeof(ReadStatusCmd));
/*
* If the status indicates the write is done, then stop waiting,
* if a value of 0xFF in the status byte is read from the
* device and this loop never exits, the device slave select is
* possibly incorrect such that the device status is not being
* read
*/
if ((FlashStatus[1] & 0x01) == 0) {
break;
}
}
}
/*****************************************************************************/
void FlashRead(XQspiPs *QspiPtr, u32 Address, u32 ByteCount, u8 Command)
{
/*
* Setup the write command with the specified address and data for the
* FLASH
*/
WriteBuffer[COMMAND_OFFSET] = Command;
WriteBuffer[ADDRESS_1_OFFSET] = (u8)((Address & 0xFF0000) >> 16);
WriteBuffer[ADDRESS_2_OFFSET] = (u8)((Address & 0xFF00) >> 8);
WriteBuffer[ADDRESS_3_OFFSET] = (u8)(Address & 0xFF);
if ((Command == FAST_READ_CMD) || (Command == DUAL_READ_CMD) ||
(Command == QUAD_READ_CMD)) {
ByteCount += DUMMY_SIZE;
}
/*
* Send the read command to the FLASH to read the specified number
* of bytes from the FLASH, send the read command and address and
* receive the specified number of bytes of data in the data buffer
*/
XQspiPs_PolledTransfer(QspiPtr, WriteBuffer, ReadBuffer,
ByteCount + OVERHEAD_SIZE);
}
/*****************************************************************************/
void FlashErase(XQspiPs *QspiPtr, u32 Address, u32 ByteCount)
{
u8 WriteEnableCmd = { WRITE_ENABLE_CMD };
u8 ReadStatusCmd[] = { READ_STATUS_CMD, 0 }; /* must send 2 bytes */
u8 FlashStatus[2];
int Sector;
/*
* If erase size is same as the total size of the flash, use bulk erase
* command
*/
if (ByteCount == (NUM_SECTORS * SECTOR_SIZE)) {
/*
* Send the write enable command to the FLASH so that it can be
* written to, this needs to be sent as a seperate transfer
* before the erase
*/
XQspiPs_PolledTransfer(QspiPtr, &WriteEnableCmd, NULL,
sizeof(WriteEnableCmd));
/* Setup the bulk erase command*/
WriteBuffer[COMMAND_OFFSET] = BULK_ERASE_CMD;
/*
* Send the bulk erase command; no receive buffer is specified
* since there is nothing to receive
*/
XQspiPs_PolledTransfer(QspiPtr, WriteBuffer, NULL,
BULK_ERASE_SIZE);
/* Wait for the erase command to the FLASH to be completed*/
while (1) {
/*
* Poll the status register of the device to determine
* when it completes, by sending a read status command
* and receiving the status byte
*/
XQspiPs_PolledTransfer(QspiPtr, ReadStatusCmd,
FlashStatus,
sizeof(ReadStatusCmd));
/*
* If the status indicates the write is done, then stop
* waiting; if a value of 0xFF in the status byte is
* read from the device and this loop never exits, the
* device slave select is possibly incorrect such that
* the device status is not being read
*/
if ((FlashStatus[1] & 0x01) == 0) {
break;
}
}
return;
}
/*
* If the erase size is less than the total size of the flash, use
* sector erase command
*/
for (Sector = 0; Sector < ((ByteCount / SECTOR_SIZE) + 1); Sector++) {
/*
* Send the write enable command to the SEEPOM so that it can be
* written to, this needs to be sent as a seperate transfer
* before the write
*/
XQspiPs_PolledTransfer(QspiPtr, &WriteEnableCmd, NULL,
sizeof(WriteEnableCmd));
/*
* Setup the write command with the specified address and data
* for the FLASH
*/
WriteBuffer[COMMAND_OFFSET] = SEC_ERASE_CMD;
WriteBuffer[ADDRESS_1_OFFSET] = (u8)(Address >> 16);
WriteBuffer[ADDRESS_2_OFFSET] = (u8)(Address >> 8);
WriteBuffer[ADDRESS_3_OFFSET] = (u8)(Address & 0xFF);
/*
* Send the sector erase command and address; no receive buffer
* is specified since there is nothing to receive
*/
XQspiPs_PolledTransfer(QspiPtr, WriteBuffer, NULL,
SEC_ERASE_SIZE);
/*
* Wait for the sector erse command to the
* FLASH to be completed
*/
while (1) {
/*
* Poll the status register of the device to determine
* when it completes, by sending a read status command
* and receiving the status byte
*/
XQspiPs_PolledTransfer(QspiPtr, ReadStatusCmd,
FlashStatus,
sizeof(ReadStatusCmd));
/*
* If the status indicates the write is done, then stop
* waiting, if a value of 0xFF in the status byte is
* read from the device and this loop never exits, the
* device slave select is possibly incorrect such that
* the device status is not being read
*/
if ((FlashStatus[1] & 0x01) == 0) {
break;
}
}
Address += SECTOR_SIZE;
}
}
/*****************************************************************************/
void FlashWriteStatus(XQspiPs *QspiPtr)
{
//
u8 WriteEnableCmd = {WRITE_ENABLE_CMD};
u8 WriteStatus1Cmd[] = {WRITE_STATUS_CMD, 0x0};
u8 WriteStatus2Cmd[] = {WRITE_STATUS2_CMD, 0x00};
u8 WriteStatus3Cmd[] = {WRITE_STATUS3_CMD, 0x60};
// Write Status Register - 1
XQspiPs_PolledTransfer(QspiPtr, &WriteEnableCmd, NULL, sizeof(WriteEnableCmd));
XQspiPs_PolledTransfer(QspiPtr, WriteStatus1Cmd, NULL, sizeof(WriteStatus1Cmd));
usleep(10000);
// Write Status Register - 2
XQspiPs_PolledTransfer(QspiPtr, &WriteEnableCmd, NULL, sizeof(WriteEnableCmd));
XQspiPs_PolledTransfer(QspiPtr, WriteStatus2Cmd, NULL, sizeof(WriteStatus2Cmd));
usleep(10000);
// Write Status Register - 3
XQspiPs_PolledTransfer(QspiPtr, &WriteEnableCmd, NULL, sizeof(WriteEnableCmd));
XQspiPs_PolledTransfer(QspiPtr, WriteStatus3Cmd, NULL, sizeof(WriteStatus3Cmd));
usleep(10000);
//
return;
}
/*****************************************************************************/
void FlashReadStatus(XQspiPs *QspiPtr)
{
//
u8 ReadStatus1Cmd[] = {READ_STATUS_CMD, 0};
u8 ReadStatus2Cmd[] = {READ_STATUS2_CMD, 0};
u8 ReadStatus3Cmd[] = {READ_STATUS3_CMD, 0};
u8 FlashStatus[2];
// Read Status Register - 1
XQspiPs_PolledTransfer(QspiPtr, ReadStatus1Cmd, FlashStatus, sizeof(ReadStatus1Cmd));
printf("Flash Status Register 1 = 0x%02x\n", FlashStatus[1]);
usleep(10000);
// Read Status Register - 2
XQspiPs_PolledTransfer(QspiPtr, ReadStatus2Cmd, FlashStatus, sizeof(ReadStatus2Cmd));
printf("Flash Status Register 2 = 0x%02x\n", FlashStatus[1]);
usleep(10000);
// Read Status Register - 3
XQspiPs_PolledTransfer(QspiPtr, ReadStatus3Cmd, FlashStatus, sizeof(ReadStatus3Cmd));
printf("Flash Status Register 3 = 0x%02x\n", FlashStatus[1]);
usleep(10000);
//
return;
}
/*****************************************************************************/
int FlashReadID(XQspiPs *QspiPtr)
{
//
int Status;
u8 ReadIdCmd[] = {READ_ID, 0x23, 0x08, 0x09}; /* 3 dummy bytes */
u8 FlashId[4];
//
Status = XQspiPs_PolledTransfer(QspiPtr, ReadIdCmd, FlashId, RD_ID_SIZE);
if (Status != XST_SUCCESS) {
return XST_FAILURE;
}
//
printf("FlashID=0x%x 0x%x 0x%x\n", FlashId[1], FlashId[2], FlashId[3]);
//
return XST_SUCCESS;
}
/*****************************************************************************/
void FlashQuadEnable(XQspiPs *QspiPtr)
{
//
u8 WriteEnableCmd = {WRITE_ENABLE_CMD};
u8 ReadStatusCmd[] = {READ_STATUS2_CMD, 0};
u8 QuadEnableCmd[] = {WRITE_STATUS2_CMD, 0};
u8 FlashStatus[2];
//
if (ReadBuffer[1] == 0xEF) { // Winbond Serial Flash
//
XQspiPs_PolledTransfer(QspiPtr, ReadStatusCmd, FlashStatus, sizeof(ReadStatusCmd));
QuadEnableCmd[1] = FlashStatus[1] | (1 << 1);
//
XQspiPs_PolledTransfer(QspiPtr, &WriteEnableCmd, NULL, sizeof(WriteEnableCmd));
XQspiPs_PolledTransfer(QspiPtr, QuadEnableCmd, NULL, sizeof(QuadEnableCmd));
}
//
return;
}