【IoT】3.Macroeconomics 宏观经济（外部）

目录

Key Concepts

Economics：

Scarce resources：

Question

1. What are the key aspects of the economy on the national level?

Briefly describe each of them.

2. How can you measure the economic environment? 如何衡量经济环境

3. Discuss how the health (or lack of it) of economic environment can affect organisations.

Illustrate on examples

4. What is globalisation？

what kind of strategies can companies develop to tackle it?

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Key Concepts

Economics：

the study of human choice behaviour and how it affects the production, distribution, and consumption of scarce resources.

Scarce resources：

the excess of human wants OVER what can actually be produced to fulfil

those wants.

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Question

1. What are the key aspects of the economy on the national level?

Briefly describe each of them.

Supply---<Relation>---Demand：effect price level, employment

以下3个方面：

• Economy Structure：

Different measures.

Primary：production and extraction of natural resources (eg. mining，agriculture)

Secondary：

Tertiary

• Circular Flow of Income：

Multiplier, Accelerator effect, Inflation（通胀）.

• Business Cycle：

Measuring and tracking economic activity.

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2. How can you measure the economic environment? 如何衡量经济环境

3个主要方面：

The share of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) that each sector accounts for（各部门所占的国内生产总值

The proportion of labour employed in each sector（各部门雇佣劳动力的比例

The contribution of the sector to the nation’s balance of payments（各部门为国家收支平衡所作贡献

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3. Discuss how the health (or lack of it) of economic environment can affect organisations.

Its health condition affect the manufacturing，consuming and income.

The org may change strategy or stability.

Illustrate on examples

Sainsbury’s：

Invested in chain of 100 stores in Egypt in 1999

Pulled out in 2001

Blamed on:

Bad initial decision (supermarkets not common Egypt)

Rumours about Jewish connections

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4. What is globalisation？

A complex of economic, trade, social, technological, cultural and political interrelationships.

what kind of strategies can companies develop to tackle it?

Market Entry Strategies：

1）Exporting：

take the first step into a new market；

obtain initial information and success；

de-risk the commitment to a fully developed overseas strategy；

2）Direct investment in a foreign subsidiary：直接注资海外子公司

3） e-Commerce（lecture 5）

4） Licensing / Franchising：特许经营

An organisation can license a local company to produce or deliver their products and services；

Franchising is very common in food and travel industry; L icensing is more common for technology；

这些了解就好...