关于历年评测真的一言难尽，本篇大部分解析只是提供思路，没有举出实例，也并非标准答案，仅供参考。
目录
i）6 characteristics of a perfect competitive market
ii）5 possible causes that would create a downward demand shift
iii）4 issues associated with competition in a microeconomic environment
i）Any 5 negative effects of inflation（通货膨胀）
ii） Any 5 barriers to competitive cost advantage of international trade
iii）Any 5 political issues associated with valuating overseas business opportunities
b）Explain what copyright is, what it protects and what the legal requirements are.
c） 6 steps of preparing a patent for a disclosure – the patent preparation process.
Q1
I）
该部分全部能在 Lecture 4 Microeconomics 找到线索
i）6 characteristics of a perfect competitive market
A large number of producers；
Each has similar costs and identical products；
A large number of buyers；
Each buy only a small percentage of the output；
Buyers and sellers are free to enter or leave the market；
A ready information supply about market condition.
ii）5 possible causes that would create a downward demand shift
市场需求降低的原因：
1）Consumers be poorer；
2）The price of substitutes reduce, making them more attractive；
3）Product associated with health hazards；
4）Advertising campaign for substitute products；
5）Change consumer preference
iii）4 issues associated with competition in a microeconomic environment
4个方向：
(1) perfect competition 完全竞争，(2) imperfect competition 不完全竞争，(3) oligopoly 寡头， (4) monopoly 垄断
II）
i）Any 5 negative effects of inflation（通货膨胀）
1）High prices will erase the increase in the amount of money injected into the economy.
Purchasing power, therefore, declines；（价格抬高使购买力仍然下降
2）Make people's salary more difficult to feed their family，and probably cause unemployment；
3）The gap between the poor and the rich will be more extended；
4）The value of the currency（money）of your own country is dropped. You need to buy products from other countries a higher price，while foreigners can buy products from your country a lower price；（本国的货币贬值了，需要更多的钱去买别的国家产品，而别的国家只需要少量的钱就能买本国的产品
5）Savings in banks decrease. People are more likely to invest money on other things（eg. stock，gold）instead of save in the bank. （存在银行的钱就是变向贬值，所以大家更愿意把钱投资在其他产品上，储蓄减少
ii） Any 5 barriers to competitive cost advantage of international trade
提升国际贸易竞争成本优势的五种壁垒
1）Imports may threaten domestic ——> local government may limit them.
2）Imports may threaten local culture.
3）Government nurtures & protects new industries.
4）Government subsidies export.
5）Limit from National Regulation（eg. food，medicine）
6）Political problem.
......
iii）Any 5 political issues associated with valuating overseas business opportunities
评估海外某地的商业机会时，要考量的政策问题
1）Stability；政局是否稳定，物理交流多不多
2）Licensing system（which can be use by local government to protect industries；那里的证件许可、批文等规章，是否适合一个外来企业进去发展
3）Government may give contract to local organization；政府倾向与本地企业合作
4）Restriction in currency movement；有些地区资金周转是有特殊限制的
5）Control the goods importation. 可能对出口加以限制
Q2
a）
The environment in which an organisation is located can be broken into 3 separate categories.
Identify and describe the 3 types. Illustrate on an organisation of your choice.
商业环境可以分为内部（internal）和外部（external），外部又可分为宏观（macro）和微观（micro），正好3种。参考 Lecture 2，3，4：
1）Macroenvironment；2）Microenvironment；
3）Internal environment
b）
分成6点，分别解释 PESTEL代表的6个方面：Political，Economical，Sociological，Technical，Ecological，Legal；可以适当举出一些企业的示例（如往年出现过的Huawei，Baidu等等）
Q3
a)
显然这是关于Lecture 19的内容。IP（intellectual property）： intangible assets created by human intellectual or creative activity.IPRs（intellectual property rights）：allow people to own their creativity and innovation in the same way of physical property.在《Product Design and Development》Chapter 16 Patents and Intellectual Property 中，还有更多详细的介绍：
关于IP的重要性可以参考该书及以下部分：
b）Explain what copyright is, what it protects and what the legal requirements are.
Rights for literary and artistic material, music, films, sound recordings and broadcasts, live theatre performances（only to expressions, and not to ideas）.
c） 6 steps of preparing a patent for a disclosure – the patent preparation process.
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