CAN 总线 之三 CAN 国际标准 ISO 11898 解读

本文详细解析了CAN国际标准ISO 11898的不同部分,涵盖高速物理媒体附属层(PMA)、低速容错物理层以及时间触发通信等。自1993年以来,该标准经历了多次修订和整合,如ISO 11898-1定义数据链路层,ISO 11898-2覆盖高速物理层,而ISO 11898-3则涉及低速容错通信。此外,介绍了CAN 2.0和CAN FD的融合,并讨论了不同版本的历史演变。

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  从 1993 第一个版 CAN 国际标准(ISO 11898:1993 和 ISO 11519-2)发布至今,ISO 11898 逐渐被分割整合成了相互独立的 6 个部分。分别以 Part 1 ~ Part 6 来标识。在旧版本(2003年之前)中

  • ISO 11898 是通信速度为 5kbps - 1Mbps 的 CAN 高速通信标准。规范中同时定义了 数据链路层和高速物理层。
  • ISO 11519 是通信速度为 125kbps 以下的 CAN 低速通信标准,也就是容错CAN(LSFT CAN)。提供从5 Kbit/s到125 Kbits/s的波特率。该标准允许在CAN总线连线失败时CAN总线通信得以继续进行。

  从 2003 年开始,ISO 将原先的 ISO 11898 CAN标准的数据链路和高速物理层的标准分离为 ISO 11898-1 和 ISO 11898-2 两部分。后续又发布了其他几个部分!在 2016 年,又再一次进行了整合。下图是 2016 年之前各部分的官方命名(来自于 ISO 11898-1-2015 的 Foreword 章节):
在这里插入图片描述
在经过审核和重组的 ISO 11898 系列中,各部分的功能如下:

    CAN总线ISO-11898 中的全集 ISO 11898-1:2003 specifies the data link layer (DLL) and physical signalling of the controller area network (CAN). This document describes the general architecture of CAN in terms of hierarchical layers according to the ISO reference model for open systems interconnection (OSI) established in ISO/IEC 7498-1 and provides the characteristics for setting up an interchange of digital information between modules implementing the CAN DLL with detailed specification of the logical link control (LLC) sublayer and medium access control (MAC) sublayer. ISO 11898-2:2003 specifies the high-speed (transmission rates of up to 1 Mbit/s) medium access unit (MAU), and some medium dependent interface (MDI) features (according to ISO 8802-3), which comprise the physical layer of the controller area network. ISO 11898-3:2006 specifies characteristics of setting up an interchange of digital information between electronic control units of road vehicles equipped with the CAN at transmission rates above 40 kBit/s up to 125 kBit/s. ISO 11898-4:2004 specifies time-triggered communication in the CAN. It is applicable to setting up a time-triggered interchange of digital information between electronic control units (ECU) of road vehicles equipped with CAN, and specifies the frame synchronisation entity that coordinates the operation of both logical link and media access controls in accordance with ISO 11898-1, to provide the time-triggered communication schedule. ISO 11898-5:2007 specifies the CAN physical layer for transmission rates up to 1 Mbit/s for use within road vehicles. It describes the medium access unit functions as well as some medium dependent interface features according to ISO 8802-2. This represents an extension of ISO 11898-2, dealing with new functionality for systems requiring low-power consumption features while there is no active bus communication.
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