图像风格迁移是指将一张图片的内容与另一张图片的风格合并到一起，生成一张新的图片。在基于pytorch的VGG19模型实现图像风格迁移时，主要分为以下几步：
1. 加载VGG19模型及其预训练参数
```python
import torch
import torchvision.models as models
# 加载VGG19模型
vgg = models.vgg19(pretrained=True).features
# 将VGG19模型的参数设置为不需要更新
for param in vgg.parameters():
param.requires_grad_(False)
# 将模型移到GPU上
device = torch.device("cuda" if torch.cuda.is_available() else "cpu")
vgg.to(device)
```
2. 定义图像风格损失函数
```python
def gram_matrix(input):
batch_size, depth, height, width = input.size()
features = input.view(batch_size * depth, height * width)
gram = torch.mm(features, features.t())
return gram
class StyleLoss(nn.Module):
def __init__(self, target_features):
super(StyleLoss, self).__init__()
self.target = gram_matrix(target_features).detach()
def forward(self, input):
G = gram_matrix(input)
self.loss = F.mse_loss(G, self.target)
return input
```
其中，`gram_matrix`函数用于计算输入张量的Gram矩阵，`StyleLoss`类用于计算图像风格损失。
3. 加载内容图片和风格图片
```python
def load_image(img_path, max_size=400, shape=None):
image = Image.open(img_path).convert('RGB')
if max(image.size) > max_size:
size = max_size
else:
size = max(image.size)
if shape is not None:
size = shape
in_transform = transforms.Compose([
transforms.Resize(size),
transforms.ToTensor(),
transforms.Normalize((0.485, 0.456, 0.406), (0.229, 0.224, 0.225))
])
image = in_transform(image)[:3,:,:].unsqueeze(0)
return image
content = load_image("content.jpg").to(device)
style = load_image("style.jpg", shape=content.shape[-2:]).to(device)
```
其中，`load_image`函数用于加载图片，并进行缩放、裁剪、归一化处理。
4. 定义模型和优化器
```python
# 定义目标图像
target = content.clone().requires_grad_(True).to(device)
# 定义损失函数
content_losses = []
style_losses = []
model = nn.Sequential()
for layer_num, layer in vgg._modules.items():
model.add_module(layer_num, layer)
if isinstance(layer, nn.Conv2d):
name = "conv{}_{}".format(layer_num[:1], layer_num[2:])
content_loss = ContentLoss(target)
model.add_module("content_loss_{}".format(name), content_loss)
content_losses.append(content_loss)
if isinstance(layer, nn.ReLU):
name = "relu{}_{}".format(layer_num[:1], layer_num[2:])
model.add_module(name, layer)
style_loss = StyleLoss(style)
model.add_module("style_loss_{}".format(name), style_loss)
style_losses.append(style_loss)
optimizer = torch.optim.Adam([target], lr=0.01)
# 定义训练函数
def train(model, target, content_losses, style_losses, optimizer, steps=2000, style_weight=1000000, content_weight=1):
for step in range(steps):
target = model(target)
content_loss = 0
style_loss = 0
for cl in content_losses:
content_loss += cl.loss
for sl in style_losses:
style_loss += sl.loss
loss = style_weight * style_loss + content_weight * content_loss
optimizer.zero_grad()
loss.backward()
optimizer.step()
if step % 100 == 0:
print("Step {}:".format(step))
print("Style Loss: {:.4f} Content Loss: {:.4f}".format(style_loss.item(), content_loss.item()))
return target
```
其中，`train`函数用于训练模型，并计算损失函数。
5. 进行图像风格迁移
```python
output = train(model, target, content_losses, style_losses, optimizer, steps=2000, style_weight=1000000, content_weight=1)
output_image = tensor_to_image(output)
output_image.show()
```
其中，`tensor_to_image`函数用于将张量转换为图像，`show`函数用于显示图像。
以上就是基于pytorch的VGG19模型实现图像风格迁移的主要步骤。
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