3D游戏设计HW5

与游戏世界交互

编写一个简单的鼠标打飞碟（Hit UFO）游戏

1.游戏内容要求：

• 游戏有 n 个 round，每个 round 都包括10 次 trial；
• 每个 trial 的飞碟的色彩、大小、发射位置、速度、角度、同时出现的个数都可能不同。它们由该 round 的 ruler 控制；
• 每个 trial 的飞碟有随机性，总体难度随 round 上升；
• 鼠标点中得分，得分规则按色彩、大小、速度不同计算，规则可自由设定。

2. 游戏的要求：

• 使用带缓存的工厂模式管理不同飞碟的生产与回收，该工厂必须是场景单实例的！具体实现见参考资源 Singleton 模板类
• 尽可能使用前面 MVC 结构实现人机交互与游戏模型分离

游戏的UML图如下：

可以看出用了之前的牧师与魔鬼的很多设计，比如导演类和动作分离。主要的区别就是工厂类UFOFactory，用于飞碟的生产。
这个类使用了重复利用的思想，维护两个列表，一个是正在使用中的飞碟，另一个是空闲的飞碟。每次需要产生飞碟的时候就从空闲飞碟队列中弹出第一个，当有飞碟被打中或者飞到屏幕之外后会被重新加入到空闲队列中。如果空闲飞碟队列为空，就新创建一个飞碟并随即生成颜色和位姿。工厂类的代码如下:

public class UFOFactory : MonoBehaviour {
	public List<GameObject> used_UFO = new List<GameObject>();
	public List<GameObject> free_UFO = new List<GameObject>();
	public void GenUFO()
	{
		GameObject ufo;
		if(free_UFO.Count == 0)
		{
			ufo = Instantiate<GameObject>(Resources.Load<GameObject>("Prefabs/UFO"), Vector3.zero, Quaternion.identity);
		}
		else
		{
			ufo = free_UFO[0];
			free_UFO.RemoveAt(0);
		}
		float x = Random.Range(-10.0f, 10.0f);
		ufo.transform.position = new Vector3(x, 0, 0);
		ufo.transform.Rotate(new Vector3(x < 0? -x*9 : x*9, 0, 0));

		float random = Random.Range (0f, 9f);
		Color red = new Color (1f, 0f, 0f);
		Color green = new Color (0f, 1f, 0f);
		Color blue = new Color (0f, 0f, 1f);
		Color color = new Color(0f,0f,0f);
		if (random >= 0 && random <= 3)
			color = red;
		else if (random > 3 && random <= 6)
			color = green;
		else if (random > 6 && random <= 9)
			color = blue;

		ufo.transform.GetComponent<Renderer>().material.color = color;
		used_UFO.Add(ufo);
	}
	public void Recycleufo(GameObject usedUFO)
	{
		usedUFO.transform.position = new Vector3 (0, 0, -10);
		free_UFO.Add(usedUFO);
	}
}

除此之外还有与牧师与魔鬼不同的就是用来实现单例的模板类Singleton，用于实现场景单例模式。生产飞碟的工厂是每个场景都有且仅有一个，Singleton类是用来给每个场景创建工厂的模板。具体代码如下：

using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using UnityEngine;

public class Singleton<T> : MonoBehaviour where T : MonoBehaviour
{

	protected static T instance;

	public static T Instance {  
		get {  
			if (instance == null) { 
				instance = (T)FindObjectOfType (typeof(T));  
				if (instance == null) {
					Debug.LogError ("An instance of " + typeof(T) +
						" is needed in the scene, but there is none.");  
				}
			}
			return instance;  
		}
	}
}

其他的类就与牧师与魔鬼类似，首先是控制运动的类，由于飞碟的运动不需要分阶段进行，所以直接使用原来的运动类，从当前位置以speed运动到target：

using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using UnityEngine;

public class CCMoveToAction : SSAction
{
	public Vector3 target;
	public float speed;
	public GameObject ufo;
	public static CCMoveToAction GetSSAction(Vector3 target, float speed )
	{
		CCMoveToAction action = CreateInstance<CCMoveToAction>();
		action.target = target;
		action.speed = speed;
		return action;
	}
		
	public override void Update()
	{
		if(enable)
		{
			this.transform.position = Vector3.MoveTowards(this.transform.position, target, speed);
			if (this.transform.position == target)
			{
				this.enable = false;
				this.callback.SSActionEvent(this);
			}
		}
	}
}

动作管理类，维护动作的列表，每次根据情况从中取出动作进行运动：

public class CCActionManager : SSActionManager, ISSActionCallback {
	public FirstSceneController sceneController;
	public List<CCMoveToAction> seq = new List<CCMoveToAction>();
	public UserClickAction userClickAction;
	public UFOFactory factory;

	protected new void Start()
	{
		sceneController = (FirstSceneController)SSDirector.getInstance().current;
		sceneController.actionManager = this;
		factory = Singleton<UFOFactory>.Instance;
	}
	protected new void Update()
	{
		if(factory.used_ufos.Count > 0)
		{
			GameObject disk = factory.used_ufos[0].gameObject;
			float x = Random.Range(-10, 10);
			CCMoveToAction moveToAction = CCMoveToAction.GetSSAction(new Vector3(x, 12, 0), (Mathf.CeilToInt(FirstSceneController.times / 10) + 1) * Time.deltaTime);
			if (disk.transform.GetComponent<Renderer>().material.color == Color.red)
				moveToAction = CCMoveToAction.GetSSAction(new Vector3(x, 12, 0), 5 * (Mathf.CeilToInt(FirstSceneController.times / 10) + 1) * Time.deltaTime);
			else if(disk.transform.GetComponent<Renderer>().material.color == Color.green)
				moveToAction = CCMoveToAction.GetSSAction(new Vector3(x, 12, 0), 4 * (Mathf.CeilToInt(FirstSceneController.times / 10) + 1) * Time.deltaTime);
			else if(disk.transform.GetComponent<Renderer>().material.color == Color.blue)
				moveToAction = CCMoveToAction.GetSSAction(new Vector3(x, 12, 0), 3 * (Mathf.CeilToInt(FirstSceneController.times / 10) + 1) * Time.deltaTime);
			
			seq.Add(moveToAction);
			this.RunAction(disk, moveToAction, this);
			factory.used_ufos.RemoveAt(0);
		}
		if (Input.GetMouseButtonDown(0) && sceneController.flag == 0)
		{
			Ray ray = Camera.main.ScreenPointToRay(Input.mousePosition);
			RaycastHit hitGameObject;
			if (Physics.Raycast(ray, out hitGameObject))
			{
				GameObject gameObject = hitGameObject.collider.gameObject;
				if (gameObject.tag == "ufo")
				{
					foreach(var k in seq)
					{
						if (k.gameObject == gameObject)
							k.transform.position = k.target;
					}
					if(gameObject.transform.GetComponent<Renderer>().material.color==Color.red)
						userClickAction = UserClickAction.GetSSAction(3);
					else if(gameObject.transform.GetComponent<Renderer>().material.color==Color.green)
						userClickAction = UserClickAction.GetSSAction(2);
					else if(gameObject.transform.GetComponent<Renderer>().material.color==Color.blue)
						userClickAction = UserClickAction.GetSSAction(1);					
					this.RunAction(gameObject, userClickAction, this);
				}
			}
		}
		base.Update();
	}
	public void SSActionEvent(SSAction source, SSActionEventType events = SSActionEventType.Completed, int intParam = 0, string strParam = null, Object objParam = null)
	{
		factory.Recycleufo(source.gameObject);
		seq.Remove(source as CCMoveToAction);
		source.destory = true;
		if (FirstSceneController.times >= 30)
			sceneController.flag = 1;
		
	}
	public void CheckEvent(SSAction source, SSActionEventType events = SSActionEventType.Completed, int intParam = 0, string strParam = null, Object objParam = null)
	{
	}
	public void Pause()
	{
		if(sceneController.flag == 0)
		{
			foreach (var k in seq)
			{
				k.enable = false;
			}
			sceneController.flag = 2;
		}
		else if(sceneController.flag == 2)
		{
			foreach (var k in seq)
			{
				k.enable = true;
			}
			sceneController.flag = 0;
		}
	}
}

在这个类里面我实现了不同飞碟不同速度和分数的功能，方法都是类似的，即创建动作时根据动作主体的颜色来改变参数。创建运动动作时就在传速度时乘以一个速度加成，创建点击动作实例时就传入参数，这个参数根据点击飞碟的颜色而不同，在点击动作中有FirstSceneController类，可以根据传入的add_score增加分数。点击动作实现如下：

using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using UnityEngine;

public class UserClickAction : SSAction {
	public int add_score = 0;
	public static UserClickAction GetSSAction(int s)
	{
		UserClickAction action = CreateInstance<UserClickAction>();
		action.add_score = s;
		return action;
	}
	public override void Start(){
	}	

	public override void Update()
	{
		if(enable)
		{
			FirstSceneController sc = SSDirector.getInstance().current as FirstSceneController;
			sc.score = sc.score + Mathf.CeilToInt(FirstSceneController.times/10) + add_score*Mathf.FloorToInt(120 / (transform.rotation.x + 30));
			destory = true;
		}
	}
}

最后可以再用上次作业学习的天空盒做一个场景，游戏运行的效果图如图：