ws2812b效果研究之七 Pacifica

这段代码创建了一个名为"Pacifica"的LED灯光动画，模拟了柔和的蓝绿色海浪效果。

/// @file    Pacifica.ino
/// @brief   Gentle, blue-green ocean wave animation
/// @example Pacifica.ino

//
//  "Pacifica"
//  Gentle, blue-green ocean waves.
//  December 2019, Mark Kriegsman and Mary Corey March.
//  For Dan.
//

#define FASTLED_ALLOW_INTERRUPTS 0
#include <FastLED.h>
FASTLED_USING_NAMESPACE

#define DATA_PIN            2
#define NUM_LEDS            100
#define MAX_POWER_MILLIAMPS 500
#define LED_TYPE            WS2812B
#define COLOR_ORDER         GRB

//

CRGB leds[NUM_LEDS];

void setup() {
  delay( 1000); // 3 second delay for boot recovery, and a moment of silence
  FastLED.addLeds<LED_TYPE,DATA_PIN,COLOR_ORDER>(leds, NUM_LEDS)
        .setCorrection( TypicalLEDStrip );
  FastLED.setMaxPowerInVoltsAndMilliamps( 5, MAX_POWER_MILLIAMPS);
}

void loop()
{
  EVERY_N_MILLISECONDS( 20) {
    pacifica_loop();
    FastLED.show();
  }
}

//
//
// The code for this animation is more complicated than other examples, and 
// while it is "ready to run", and documented in general, it is probably not 
// the best starting point for learning.  Nevertheless, it does illustrate some
// useful techniques.
//
//
//
// In this animation, there are four "layers" of waves of light.  
//
// Each layer moves independently, and each is scaled separately.
//
// All four wave layers are added together on top of each other, and then 
// another filter is applied that adds "whitecaps" of brightness where the 
// waves line up with each other more.  Finally, another pass is taken
// over the led array to 'deepen' (dim) the blues and greens.
//
// The speed and scale and motion each layer varies slowly within independent 
// hand-chosen ranges, which is why the code has a lot of low-speed 'beatsin8' functions
// with a lot of oddly specific numeric ranges.
//
// These three custom blue-green color palettes were inspired by the colors found in
// the waters off the southern coast of California, https://goo.gl/maps/QQgd97jjHesHZVxQ7
//
CRGBPalette16 pacifica_palette_1 = 
    { 0x000507, 0x000409, 0x00030B, 0x00030D, 0x000210, 0x000212, 0x000114, 0x000117, 
      0x000019, 0x00001C, 0x000026, 0x000031, 0x00003B, 0x000046, 0x14554B, 0x28AA50 };
CRGBPalette16 pacifica_palette_2 = 
    { 0x000507, 0x000409, 0x00030B, 0x00030D, 0x000210, 0x000212, 0x000114, 0x000117, 
      0x000019, 0x00001C, 0x000026, 0x000031, 0x00003B, 0x000046, 0x0C5F52, 0x19BE5F };
CRGBPalette16 pacifica_palette_3 = 
    { 0x000208, 0x00030E, 0x000514, 0x00061A, 0x000820, 0x000927, 0x000B2D, 0x000C33, 
      0x000E39, 0x001040, 0x001450, 0x001860, 0x001C70, 0x002080, 0x1040BF, 0x2060FF };


void pacifica_loop()//管理四个波层的独立运动，并进行颜色的渲染和处理。
{
  static uint16_t sCIStart1, sCIStart2, sCIStart3, sCIStart4;
  static uint32_t sLastms = 0;
  uint32_t ms = GET_MILLIS();
  uint32_t deltams = ms - sLastms;
  sLastms = ms;

  // 计算波动速度
  uint16_t speedfactor1 = beatsin16(3, 179, 269);
  uint16_t speedfactor2 = beatsin16(4, 179, 269);
  uint32_t deltams1 = (deltams * speedfactor1) / 256;
  uint32_t deltams2 = (deltams * speedfactor2) / 256;
  uint32_t deltams21 = (deltams1 + deltams2) / 2;

  // 更新波动层的起始位置
  sCIStart1 += (deltams1 * beatsin88(1011,10,13));
  sCIStart2 -= (deltams21 * beatsin88(777,8,11));
  sCIStart3 -= (deltams1 * beatsin88(501,5,7));
  sCIStart4 -= (deltams2 * beatsin88(257,4,6));

  // 清除LED数组，并填充背景色
  fill_solid(leds, NUM_LEDS, CRGB(2, 6, 10));

  // 渲染四层波动
  pacifica_one_layer(pacifica_palette_1, sCIStart1, beatsin16(3, 11 * 256, 14 * 256), beatsin8(10, 70, 130), 0 - beat16(301));
  pacifica_one_layer(pacifica_palette_2, sCIStart2, beatsin16(4, 6 * 256, 9 * 256), beatsin8(17, 40, 80), beat16(401));
  pacifica_one_layer(pacifica_palette_3, sCIStart3, 6 * 256, beatsin8(9, 10, 38), 0 - beat16(503));
  pacifica_one_layer(pacifica_palette_3, sCIStart4, 5 * 256, beatsin8(8, 10, 28), beat16(601));

  // 添加波浪的“白帽子”
  pacifica_add_whitecaps();

  // 加深蓝绿色调
  pacifica_deepen_colors();
}

// Add one layer of waves into the led array,渲染单层波动，并将颜色值累加到leds数组。
//waveangle: 波浪的角度。
//wavescale: 波动的缩放比例。
//ColorFromPalette: 从指定调色板中获取颜色。
//leds[i] += c: 累加每一层的颜色。
void pacifica_one_layer( CRGBPalette16& p, uint16_t cistart, uint16_t wavescale, uint8_t bri, uint16_t ioff)
{
  uint16_t ci = cistart;
  uint16_t waveangle = ioff;
  uint16_t wavescale_half = (wavescale / 2) + 20;
  for( uint16_t i = 0; i < NUM_LEDS; i++) {
    waveangle += 250;
    uint16_t s16 = sin16( waveangle ) + 32768;
    uint16_t cs = scale16( s16 , wavescale_half ) + wavescale_half;
    ci += cs;
    uint16_t sindex16 = sin16( ci) + 32768;
    uint8_t sindex8 = scale16( sindex16, 240);
    CRGB c = ColorFromPalette( p, sindex8, bri, LINEARBLEND);
    leds[i] += c;
  }
}

// Add extra 'white' to areas where the four layers of light have lined up brightly在波浪的高亮区域添加白色，以模拟海浪的“白帽子”效果。
//getAverageLight(): 获取LED的平均亮度，用于判断是否需要添加“白帽子”。
//qadd8: 对亮度进行处理，防止溢出。

void pacifica_add_whitecaps()
{
  uint8_t basethreshold = beatsin8( 9, 55, 65);
  uint8_t wave = beat8( 7 );
  
  for( uint16_t i = 0; i < NUM_LEDS; i++) {
    uint8_t threshold = scale8( sin8( wave), 20) + basethreshold;
    wave += 7;
    uint8_t l = leds[i].getAverageLight();
    if( l > threshold) {
      uint8_t overage = l - threshold;
      uint8_t overage2 = qadd8( overage, overage);
      leds[i] += CRGB( overage, overage2, qadd8( overage2, overage2));
    }
  }
}

// Deepen the blues and greens通过降低蓝绿色的亮度来加深颜色，使得整体效果更为深邃。
//scale8: 缩放颜色亮度值。
//leds[i] |= CRGB(2, 5, 7): 对每个LED增加一点基础的蓝绿色调。
void pacifica_deepen_colors()
{
  for( uint16_t i = 0; i < NUM_LEDS; i++) {
    leds[i].blue = scale8( leds[i].blue,  145); 
    leds[i].green= scale8( leds[i].green, 200); 
    leds[i] |= CRGB( 2, 5, 7);
  }
}

这个"Pacifica"动画模拟了多层波浪的效果，每一层波浪独立移动，叠加后通过加深颜色和添加“白帽子”形成逼真的海浪效果。代码使用了复杂的数学函数（如sin16和beatsin16）来控制波浪的速度、振幅和频率，生成自然且动态的视觉效果。代码结构复杂，但展示了FastLED库的强大功能和灵活性，非常适合高级使用者研究。