h264 nalu结构

NALU：Coded H.264 data is stored or transmitted as a series of packets known as NetworkAbstraction LayerUnits. （NALU单元）

  RBSP ：A NALU contains a Raw Byte Sequence Payload, a sequence of bytes containingsyntax elements.（原始数据字节流）

  SODB：String Of Data Bits （原始数据比特流, 长度不一定是8的倍数，故需要补齐）

 逻辑关系：

 SODB  + RBSP trailing bits = RBSP

 NAL header(1 byte) +  RBSP = NALU

 Start Code Prefix(3 bytes) + NALU + Start Code      
 Prefix(3 bytes)  +   NALU   + ...+  = 
 H.264BitsStream

 说明：

1. SODB即编码形成的真实码流，为了使一个RBSP为整字节数，需要加trailing bits, 具体加的方法可以看JM8.6中的SODBtoRBSP函数.

void SODBtoRBSP(Bitstream *currStream)  
{  
  currStream->byte_buf <<= 1;  
  currStream->byte_buf |= 1;  
  currStream->bits_to_go--;  
  currStream->byte_buf <<= currStream->bits_to_go;  
  currStream->streamBuffer[currStream->byte_pos++] = currStream->byte_buf;  
  currStream->bits_to_go = 8;  
  currStream->byte_buf = 0;  
}  

  2. NALU header为一个字节，这8个比特分别对应forbidden_zero_bit, nal_ref_idc, nal_unit_type. NALU的body其实就是RBSP. 由RBSP转NALU是由RBSPtoNALU函数来实现的.

typedef struct   
{  
  int startcodeprefix_len;      //! 4 for parameter sets and first slice in picture, 3 for everything else (suggested)  
  unsigned len;                 //! Length of the NAL unit (Excluding the start code, which does not belong to the NALU)  
  unsigned max_size;            //! Nal Unit Buffer size  
  int nal_unit_type;            //! NALU_TYPE_xxxx  
  int nal_reference_idc;        //! NALU_PRIORITY_xxxx  
  int forbidden_bit;            //! should be always FALSE  
  byte *buf;        //! conjtains the first byte followed by the EBSP  
} NALU_t;  
[cpp] view plain copy
int RBSPtoNALU (char *rbsp, NALU_t *nalu, int rbsp_size, int nal_unit_type, int nal_reference_idc,   
                int min_num_bytes, int UseAnnexbLongStartcode)  
{  
  int len;  

  // 断言，以后要学会用assert进行断言，很重要滴.  
  assert (nalu != NULL);  
  assert (nal_reference_idc <=3 && nal_reference_idc >=0);  
  assert (nal_unit_type > 0 && nal_unit_type <= 10);  
  assert (rbsp_size < MAXRBSPSIZE);  

  // 下面这个是必须的，所以不需要通过参数传进来  
  nalu->forbidden_bit = 0;  
  // 下面两个通过参数传进来  
  nalu->nal_reference_idc = nal_reference_idc;  
  nalu->nal_unit_type = nal_unit_type;  

  // 判断是否在Start Code Prefix前面加Ox00  
  nalu->startcodeprefix_len = UseAnnexbLongStartcode?4:3;  

  // 对nalu->buf[i]进行赋值  
  nalu->buf[0] =  
    nalu->forbidden_bit << 7      |  
    nalu->nal_reference_idc << 5  |  
    nalu->nal_unit_type;  
  memcpy (&nalu->buf[1], rbsp, rbsp_size);  

// printf ("First Byte %x\n", nalu->buf[0]);  
// printf ("RBSPtoNALU: Before: NALU len %d\t RBSP %x %x %x %x\n", rbsp_size, (unsigned) nalu->buf[1], (unsigned) nalu->buf[2], (unsigned) nalu->buf[3], (unsigned) nalu->buf[4]);  

  len = 1 + RBSPtoEBSP (&nalu->buf[1], 0, rbsp_size, min_num_bytes);  

// printf ("RBSPtoNALU: After : NALU len %d\t EBSP %x %x %x %x\n", rbsp_size, (unsigned) nalu->buf[1], (unsigned) nalu->buf[2], (unsigned) nalu->buf[3], (unsigned) nalu->buf[4]);  
// printf ("len %d\n\n", len);  
  nalu->len = len;  

  return len;  
}  

  3. Start Code Prefix为3个字节. 但是，为了寻址方便，要求数据流在长度上对齐，因此H.264建议在Start Code Prefix前面加若干个0.    

  4. 为了简便起见，上面的逻辑关系图没有考虑"防止竞争"机制.

 编码foreman_part_qcif.yuv的第一帧，码流如下: (对照trace_enc.txt分析即可，由于码流太多，篇幅有限，故不一一分析)

000000000000000000000000000000010110011101000010000000000001111011110001011000010110001001