矩阵行列式的复习

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最新推荐文章于 2024-10-16 10:02:17 发布

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分类专栏：线性代数文章标签：线性代数矩阵人工智能

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/aa644128600/article/details/129906442

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文章介绍了二阶和三阶行列式的表示方法，重点讨论了逆序数的概念，它定义了一个排列中较大数在较小数前面的组合数量。通过举例说明，证明了排列经一次对换后奇偶性的变化规律。此外，还提到了上三角、下三角和对角线行列式的代数表达形式。

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1 二阶行列式

$\left| \begin{aligned} a_{11} \ a_{12} \\ a_{21} \ a_{22 } \end{aligned} \right | = \begin{aligned} a_{11} a_{22} - a_{12}a_{21}\end{aligned}$ 可以用D来表达行列式D = $\left| \begin{aligned} a_{11} \ a_{12} \\ a_{21} \ a_{22 } \end{aligned} \right | = \begin{aligned} a_{11} a_{22} - a_{12}a_{21}\end{aligned}$

2 三阶行列式

$\left| \begin{aligned} a_{11} \ a_{12} \ a_{13} \\ a_{21} \ a_{22} \ a_{23} \\ \ a_{31} \ a_{32} \ a_{33} \end{aligned} \right | = \begin{aligned} a_{11} a_{22}a_{33} + a_{12} a_{23} a_{31} + a_{13} a_{21} a_{32} - a_{13} a_{22} a_{31} -a_{12} a_{21} a_{33}- a_{11} a_{23} a_{32}\end{aligned}$

2.1 逆序数

一个n级排列 $\begin{aligned} i_{1}i_{2}{...}i_{n} \end{aligned}$ ,如果一个较大的数 $\begin{aligned} i_{t} \end{aligned}$ 排在较小的数 $\begin{aligned} i_{s} \end{aligned}$ 前面( $\begin{aligned} i_{s}< i_{t} \end{aligned}$ ),构成一个逆序,一个n级排序中逆序的总数,称为逆序数.记 N( $\begin{aligned} i_{1}i_{2}{...}i_{n} \end{aligned}$ )

123 = N(0) ,132 = N(1) ,213=N(1) 231= N(2)

定理:任意一个排列经过一个对换后奇偶性改变

123 = N(0) ,偶排列

132 = N(1) ,与(123 )2,3对换后变奇排列

213=N(1), 与(123)1,2对换后变奇排列

231= N(2) ,与(213) 13对换后,变偶排列

3,n阶行列式

$\left| \begin{aligned} a_{11} \ a_{12} \ {...}\ a_{1n} \\ a_{21} \ a_{22} \ {...} \ a_{2n} \\ \ {...} \ {...} \ { } \ {...} \ {...} \ {...} \\ \ a_{n1} \ a_{n2} \ {...} \ a_{33} \end{aligned} \right |$

行列式的代数表达: $\begin{aligned} (-1)^{N(j_{1}j_{1}{...}j_{n})} a_{1j1}a_{2j2}{...} a_{njn}\end{aligned}$

上三角,下三角,对角线的均为n阶行列式为

$\left| \begin{aligned} a_{11} \ {0} \ 0 \ {...}\ 0 \\ a_{21} \ a_{22} \ {0} \ {...} \ 0 \\ a_{31} \ a_{32} \ a_{33} \ {0} \ {...} \ 0 \\ \ {...} \ {...} \ { } \ {...} \ {...} \ {...} \\ \ a_{n1} \ a_{n2} \ a_{n3} \ {...} \ a_{nn} \end{aligned} \right | = \begin{aligned} a_{11}a_{22}a_{33}{...}a_{nn}\end{aligned}$

类似的山寨版的上三角,下三角行列式:

$\left| \begin{aligned} a_{11} \ a_{12} \ a_{13} \ {...}\ a_{1n-1} \ a_{1n} \\ a_{21} \ a_{22} \ {...} a_{2n-1} \ a_{0} \\ a_{31} \ a_{32} \ a_{33}\ {...} \ {0} \ 0 \\ \ {...} \ {...} \ { } \ {...} \ {...} \ {...} \\ \ a_{n1} \ {0} \ {...} \ {...} \ {0} \ {0} \end{aligned} \right | = \begin{aligned} (-1)^{\frac {n(n-1)}{2}}a_{1n}a_{2n-1}{...}a_{n1}\end{aligned}$