以下是利用MATLAB实现模拟退火蚁群算法求解TSP问题的示例代码：
```matlab
% TSP问题的城市坐标数据
city = [0.5719, 0.7722;
0.4453, 0.7943;
0.2905, 0.6335;
0.3283, 0.3724;
0.7572, 0.6957;
0.7537, 0.4387;
0.3804, 0.4898;
0.5678, 0.5785;
0.0759, 0.5497;
0.0540, 0.8909];
% 计算城市之间的距离矩阵
dist = pdist(city);
distMat = squareform(dist);
% 初始化信息素
pheromone = ones(size(distMat)) / 10;
% 初始化参数
antNum = 30; % 蚂蚁数量
alpha = 1; % 信息素的重要程度
beta = 2; % 启发式信息的重要程度
rho = 0.5; % 信息素挥发率
T0 = 300; % 初始温度
Tf = 0.1; % 终止温度
coolingRate = 0.99; % 温度下降速度
maxIter = 500; % 最大迭代次数
% 初始化最优路径和路径长度
bestPath = [];
bestDist = Inf;
% 开始迭代
T = T0;
for iter = 1 : maxIter
% 初始化每只蚂蚁的位置
antPos = repmat(1 : size(city, 1), antNum, 1);
% 模拟蚂蚁搜索路径
for i = 2 : size(city, 1)
% 计算每只蚂蚁的下一个城市
for j = 1 : antNum
visited = antPos(j, 1 : i - 1);
unvisited = setdiff(1 : size(city, 1), visited);
heuristic = 1 ./ distMat(visited, unvisited);
pheromoneTrail = pheromone(visited, unvisited);
prob = (pheromoneTrail .^ alpha) .* (heuristic .^ beta);
prob = prob ./ sum(prob);
nextCity = randsample(unvisited, 1, true, prob);
antPos(j, i) = nextCity;
end
end
% 计算每只蚂蚁的路径长度
antDist = zeros(antNum, 1);
for i = 1 : antNum
antDist(i) = sum(distMat(sub2ind(size(distMat), antPos(i, 1 : end - 1), antPos(i, 2 : end)))));
end
% 更新最优路径和路径长度
[minDist, minIdx] = min(antDist);
if minDist < bestDist
bestDist = minDist;
bestPath = antPos(minIdx, :);
end
% 更新信息素
deltaPheromone = zeros(size(distMat));
for i = 1 : antNum
for j = 1 : size(city, 1) - 1
idx1 = antPos(i, j);
idx2 = antPos(i, j + 1);
deltaPheromone(idx1, idx2) = deltaPheromone(idx1, idx2) + 1 / antDist(i);
deltaPheromone(idx2, idx1) = deltaPheromone(idx1, idx2);
end
end
pheromone = (1 - rho) * pheromone + deltaPheromone;
% 退火过程
while T > Tf
% 产生新解
newAntPos = antPos;
for i = 1 : antNum
idx1 = randi(size(city, 1));
idx2 = randi(size(city, 1));
while idx1 == idx2
idx2 = randi(size(city, 1));
end
newAntPos(i, [idx1, idx2]) = newAntPos(i, [idx2, idx1]);
end
% 计算新解的路径长度
newAntDist = zeros(antNum, 1);
for i = 1 : antNum
newAntDist(i) = sum(distMat(sub2ind(size(distMat), newAntPos(i, 1 : end - 1), newAntPos(i, 2 : end)))));
end
% 计算能量差
deltaE = newAntDist - antDist;
% 判断是否接受新解
for i = 1 : antNum
if deltaE(i) < 0 % 新解更优
antPos(i, :) = newAntPos(i, :);
antDist(i) = newAntDist(i);
else % 接受劣解的概率
if rand < exp(-deltaE(i) / T)
antPos(i, :) = newAntPos(i, :);
antDist(i) = newAntDist(i);
end
end
end
% 更新最优路径和路径长度
[minDist, minIdx] = min(antDist);
if minDist < bestDist
bestDist = minDist;
bestPath = antPos(minIdx, :);
end
% 降温
T = T * coolingRate;
end
end
% 输出结果
disp(['最短路径长度：', num2str(bestDist)]);
disp(['最短路径：', num2str(bestPath)]);
```
需要注意的是，这只是一个简单的示例代码，实际应用中需要对算法进行优化和改进，以达到更好的效果。
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