Linux c 从最基础的开始 /* 应用记录持续更新***/

最新推荐文章于 2023-07-07 23:47:17 发布

木易小舟

最新推荐文章于 2023-07-07 23:47:17 发布

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分类专栏： Linux学习文章标签： linux c

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/acanoe/article/details/8030535

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Linux C 学习：学习笔记，不定期更新。
1、 Linux c main 函数传参

int main(int argc, char * argv[])
{
         if(argc > 1)
         {
                  printf("argv = %s\n",argv[1]);
          }
}

执行：
./a.out acanoe
结果为：argv = acanoe .
依次类推后面再添加的参数将被定义为 argv[2] argv[3] 等等。 /************** c 基础 ****************************/

2、Linux char 型转 int 型函数 atoi( ) 的应用。
紧接上面的例子

int main(int argc, char * argv[])
{
         if(argc > 2)
         {
                  printf("argv = %s\n",argv[1]);
                  printf("atoi test is %d\n",atoi(argv[2]));
          }
}

执行 ./a.out acanoe 123
结果为：
argv = acanoe
atoi test is 123
3、 sprintf 应用 / * 使用在open 一个文件的使用，传参的目录不是完整的，你就可以用sprintf ，有利于你自己定义一个环境目录 */
紧接上面的例子：

#include <fcntl.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
int main(int argc, char * argv[])
{
	char dirfile[32];
	int fd;
         if(argc > 2)
         {
		memset(dirfile,0,sizeof(dirfile));
        	printf("argv = %s\n",argv[1]);
        	printf("atoi test is %d\n",atoi(argv[2]));
		sprintf(dirfile,"%s/test.c",argv[3]);
		printf("dirfile is %s\n",dirfile);
		fd = open(dirfile,O_RDWR,0777);
		if(fd < 0){
			printf("open %s is erroe\n",dirfile);
		}
          }
}

执行：./a.out acanoe 123 /work
argv = atoi test is 123dirfile is /work/test.c
4、使用 #if $ 和 #endif 可以更好的注销和使用你的函数。使函数的功能变得更加灵活。
紧接上面的例子：

#include <fcntl.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
int main(int argc, char * argv[])
{
	char dirfile[32];
	int fd;
         if(argc > 2)
         {
		memset(dirfile,0,sizeof(dirfile));
       		printf("argv = %s\n",argv[1]);
        	printf("atoi test is %d\n",atoi(argv[2]));
#if 1
		sprintf(dirfile,"%s/test.c",argv[3]);
		printf("dirfile is %s\n",dirfile);
		fd = open(dirfile,O_RDWR,0777);
		if(fd < 0){
			printf("open %s is erroe\n",dirfile);
		}
#endif 
          }
}

编译后的执行./a.out acanoe 123 /work 结果和例3 一致，而

#include <fcntl.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
int main(int argc, char * argv[])
{
	char dirfile[32];
	int fd;
         if(argc > 2)
         {
		memset(dirfile,0,sizeof(dirfile));
       		printf("argv = %s\n",argv[1]);
        	printf("atoi test is %d\n",atoi(argv[2]));
#if 0
		sprintf(dirfile,"%s/test.c",argv[3]);
		printf("dirfile is %s\n",dirfile);
		fd = open(dirfile,O_RDWR,0777);
		if(fd < 0){
			printf("open %s is erroe\n",dirfile);
		}
#endif 
          }
}

的执行./a.out acanoe 123 /work 结果为
argv = acanoe
atoi test is 123

5、 Linux 下多线程任务，线程锁 mutex 线程条件 cond 的使用

#include <stdio.h>
#include <pthread.h>
#include <unistd.h>
pthread_mutex_t mutex;
pthread_cond_t  c1cond;
pthread_cond_t  c2cond;
int times = 0;
void * child1(void *arg)
{
//	pthread_cleanup_push(pthread_mutex_unlock,&mutex);  /* comment 1 */
	printf("thread 1 get running \n");
	while(1){
//		printf("thread 1 pthread_mutex_lock returns %d\n",
		pthread_mutex_lock(&mutex);
		pthread_cond_wait(&c1cond,&mutex);
		
		printf("\n");
		printf("thread 1 condition applied  thread1 times is %d\n",times++);
		printf("\n");
		pthread_mutex_unlock(&mutex);
      	//sleep(2);
    }
//        pthread_cleanup_pop(0);     /* comment 2 */
}
void *child2(void *arg)
{
    printf("thread 2 get running.\n");
	while(1){
		//printf("thread 2 pthread_mutex_lock returns %d\n",
		pthread_mutex_lock(&mutex);
		pthread_cond_wait(&c2cond,&mutex);

		printf("\n");
		printf("thread 2 condition applied  thread2 times is %d\n",times++);
		printf("\n");
		pthread_mutex_unlock(&mutex);
		//sleep(2);
	}
}
int main(void)
{
	pthread_t tid1,tid2;
	printf("hello, condition variable test\n");
	pthread_mutex_init(&mutex,NULL);
	pthread_cond_init(&c1cond,NULL);
	pthread_cond_init(&c2cond,NULL);
	pthread_create(&tid1,NULL,child1,NULL);
	pthread_create(&tid2,NULL,child2,NULL);

	while(1){
		pthread_cond_signal(&c1cond);
		        sleep(2);                   /* comment 6 */
		pthread_cond_signal(&c2cond);
    }
        pthread_exit(0);
}

编译使用 gcc pthread.c -lpthread

执行 ./a.out 可线程一线程二交替执行！

6、将一块数据使用对齐的方式强制转换成一个结构体

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>

typedef struct __blogsinfo{
		char  name[6];
		char sex[3];
		char age[2];
		char hobby[10];
}blogsinfo_t;
typedef struct __personinfo {
		char  name[6];
		char sex[3];
		char age[2];
		char hobby[10];
}personinfo_t;
int main()
{
	char data[1024] = "acanoe";
	char *sex = "man";
	char *age = "22";
	char *hobby = "Linux c";
	strcat(data,sex);
	strcat(data,age);
	strcat(data,hobby);

	personinfo_t personinfo;
	printf("%s \n",data);

	memset(&personinfo,0,sizeof(personinfo_t));
	blogsinfo_t *blogsinfo=(blogsinfo_t *)data;

	memcpy(personinfo.name, blogsinfo->name, 6);
	printf("personinfo_name is %s\n",personinfo.name);

	memcpy(personinfo.sex, blogsinfo->sex, 3);
	printf("personinfo_sex is %s\n",personinfo.sex);

	memcpy(personinfo.age , blogsinfo->age,2);
	printf("personinfo_age is %s\n",personinfo.age);

	memcpy(personinfo.hobby, blogsinfo->hobby, 10);
	printf("personinfo_hobby is %s\n",personinfo.hobby);
}

将数据组包优化以后：程序为：

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
typedef struct senddate{
	char  name[6];
	char sex[3];
	int age;
	char hobby[10];
	char birthday[10];
}senddate_t;

typedef struct __blogsinfo{
	char  name[6];
	char sex[3];
	int age;
	char hobby[10];
	char birthday[10];
}blogsinfo_t;
typedef struct __personinfo {
	char  name[6];
	char sex[3];
	int age;
	char hobby[10];
	char birthday[10];
}personinfo_t;

int main()
{
	char data[1024];
	struct senddate date;
	memcpy(date.name,"acanoe",strlen("acanoe"));
	memcpy(date.sex,"man",strlen("man"));
	date.age = 22;
	memcpy(date.hobby,"Linux_c",strlen("Linux_c"));
	memcpy(date.birthday ,"19900305",strlen("19900305"));

	memcpy(data,&date,sizeof(senddate_t));

	personinfo_t personinfo;

	memset(&personinfo,0,sizeof(personinfo_t));
	blogsinfo_t *blogsinfo=(blogsinfo_t *)data;

	memcpy(personinfo.name, blogsinfo->name, 6);
	printf("personinfo_name is %s\n",personinfo.name);

	memcpy(personinfo.sex, blogsinfo->sex, 3);
	printf("personinfo_sex is %s\n",personinfo.sex);

	personinfo.age = blogsinfo->age;
	printf("personinfo_age is %d\n",personinfo.age);

	memcpy(personinfo.hobby, blogsinfo->hobby, 10);
	printf("personinfo_hobby is %s\n",personinfo.hobby);

	memcpy(personinfo.birthday, blogsinfo->birthday, 10);
	printf("personinfo_birthday is %s\n",personinfo.birthday);
}

7、定义一个固定时间执行一次的函数，可以巧用 gettimeofday( ) 函数。

#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/time.h>

static struct timeval newtimeof = {-1, -1};
static struct timeval oldtimeof = {-1, -1};

void main(int argc,char *argv[])
{
	int limit;
	limit = atoi(argv[1]);
	while(1)
	{
		gettimeofday(&newtimeof, NULL);
		if ((newtimeof.tv_sec * 1000 + newtimeof.tv_usec/1000)-(oldtimeof.tv_sec * 1000 + oldtimeof.tv_usec/1000) > limit * 1000) {
			printf("\n");
			printf("the time is up\n");
			printf("\n");
			oldtimeof.tv_sec= newtimeof.tv_sec;
			oldtimeof.tv_usec= newtimeof.tv_usec;
		}
		printf("not in time\n");
		sleep(1);
	}
}

执行 ./a.out 6

就会每隔6 s 执行一次 printf( " the time is up \n");

这种调用比 sleep(6); 语句相比最大的好处是，占用系统资源少，gettimeofday() 函数仅仅是取了一个系统时间戳，对比两次的时间戳，来达到延时的目的。

第二个优点是可以延时相当长的时间，1分钟，或者一个小时等。缺点是延时时间不够精准。