2022/10/18——字符设备驱动的注册与GPIO子系统的练习

本次实验实现的功能为可以通过可执行程序控制任意一盏LED灯的闪烁，闪烁间隔为1s。

因为要求使用外部程序控制灯的闪烁，所以驱动程序需要注册字符设备驱动。

为了实现灯的闪烁，需要使用linux内核定时器。

代码实现

1、Makefile——通用的工程管理文件

modname ?= myleds
arch ?= arm

ifeq ($(arch),arm)#arm架构
KERNELDIR := /home/ubuntu/fsmp1a/linux-stm32mp-5.10.61-stm32mp-r2-r0/linux-5.10.61
else
KERNELDIR := /lib/modules/$(shell uname -r)/build #x86架构路径
#KERNELDIR是一个变量，指向内核源码目录
endif
PWD:=$(shell pwd)
#PWD指向当前驱动目录的一个变量

all:
	make -C $(KERNELDIR) M=$(PWD) modules
#make -C $(KERNELDIR)
#进入内核顶层目录下，读取对应的Makefile文件，然后执行make
clean:
	make -C $(KERNELDIR) M=$(PWD) clean

obj-m:=$(modname).o

2、myled.c——驱动文件

#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/of.h>
#include <linux/gpio.h>
#include <linux/timer.h>
#include <linux/of_gpio.h>
#include <linux/fs.h>
#include <linux/io.h>
#include <linux/ioctl.h>
#include <linux/cdev.h>
#include <linux/slab.h>
#include <linux/uaccess.h>
#include <linux/device.h>
#define count 3

int minor=0;//次设备号从0开始
#if 0
unsigned int major = 0;
#else
unsigned int major = 500;//静态指定设备号
#endif
char kbuf[128]={};//定义数组用于存放和用户之间拷贝的数据
struct cdev *cdev;
struct class *cls;//句柄
struct device *dev;

//定义互斥体
struct mutex mutex;

struct device_node *node;
struct property *pr;
struct gpio_desc *desc;
//给定时器分配对象
struct timer_list mytimer;
//定时器处理函数
void timer_handler(struct timer_list *timer)
{
    //电位反转
    gpiod_set_value(desc,!gpiod_get_value(desc));
    //再次启用定时器
    mod_timer(&mytimer,jiffies+HZ);
}
//对应的是open()
int mycdev_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
{
    //上锁
    if(!mutex_trylock(&mutex))
    {
        return -EBUSY;
    }
    printk("%s:%s:%d\n",__FILE__,__func__,__LINE__);
    return 0;
}
//read()
ssize_t mycdev_read(struct file *file, char __user *ubuf, size_t size, loff_t *loff)
{
    //size参数是用户期待读到的字节长度
    int ret;
    if(size>sizeof(kbuf))
    size=sizeof(kbuf);
    ret=copy_to_user(ubuf,kbuf,size);
    if(ret)
    {
        printk("数据从内核向用户拷贝失败\n");
        return -EIO;
    }
       return size;
}
//write()
ssize_t mycdev_write(struct file *file, const char __user *ubuf, size_t size, loff_t *loff)
{
    int ret;
    if(size>sizeof(kbuf))
    size=sizeof(kbuf);
    ret=copy_from_user(kbuf,ubuf,size);
    if(ret)
    {
        printk("数据从用户向内核拷贝失败\n");
        return -EIO;
    }
       return size;
}
//close()
int mycdev_close(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
{
    //解锁
    mutex_unlock(&mutex);
    printk("%s:%s:%d\n",__FILE__,__func__,__LINE__);
    return 0;
}
long ioctl(struct file *file, unsigned int cmd, unsigned long arg)
{
    int ret,which;
    ret=copy_from_user(&which,(void *)arg,sizeof(int));
    if(ret)
    {
        printk("用户向内核拷贝数据失败\n");
        return -EIO;
    }
    switch (which)
    {
        case 1:
        {
            //获取gpio编号
            desc=gpiod_get_from_of_node(node,"led1",0,GPIOD_OUT_LOW,NULL);
            if(IS_ERR(desc))
            {
                printk("获取gpio编号失败\n");
                return PTR_ERR(desc);
            }
            //添加定时器
            add_timer(&mytimer);
        }break;
        case 2:
        {
            //获取gpio编号
            desc=gpiod_get_from_of_node(node,"led2",0,GPIOD_OUT_LOW,NULL);
            if(IS_ERR(desc))
            {
                printk("获取gpio编号失败\n");
                return PTR_ERR(desc);
            }
            //添加定时器
            add_timer(&mytimer);
        }break;
        case 3:
        {
            //获取gpio编号
            desc=gpiod_get_from_of_node(node,"led3",0,GPIOD_OUT_LOW,NULL);
            if(IS_ERR(desc))
            {
                printk("获取gpio编号失败\n");
                return PTR_ERR(desc);
            }
            //添加定时器
            add_timer(&mytimer);
        }break;
    }
    return 0;
}
//操作方法结构体的初始化
struct file_operations fops=
{
    .open=mycdev_open,
    .read=mycdev_read,
    .write=mycdev_write,
    .unlocked_ioctl=ioctl,
    .release=mycdev_close,
};
static int __init mycdev_init(void)
{
    int ret,i;
    dev_t devno;
    node=of_find_node_by_path("/myleds");
    if(node == NULL)
    {
        printk("获取节点信息失败\n");
        return ENODATA;
    }
    printk("获取节点信息成功\n");

    //初始化定时器
    mytimer.expires=jiffies+HZ;//定时1s
    timer_setup(&mytimer,timer_handler,0);

    //1.分配设备驱动对象
    cdev=cdev_alloc();
    if(cdev == NULL)
    {
        printk("申请空间失败\n");
        ret = -ENOMEM;
        goto ERR1;
    }
    printk("申请空间成功\n");
    //2.初始化对象
    cdev_init(cdev,&fops);
    //3.设备号的申请
    if(major==0)//动态申请
    {
        ret=alloc_chrdev_region(&devno,minor,count,"myled");
        if(ret)
        {
            printk("动态申请设备号失败\n");
            goto ERR2;
        }
        printk("动态申请设备号成功\n");
    }
    else
    {
        ret=register_chrdev_region(MKDEV(major,minor),count,"myled");
        if(ret)
        {
            printk("静态设备号指定失败\n");
            goto ERR2;
        }
        printk("静态设备号指定成功\n");
    }
    //4.注册字符设备驱动
    ret=cdev_add(cdev,MKDEV(major,minor),count);
    if(ret)
    {
        printk("字符设备驱动注册失败\n");
        goto ERR3;
    }
    printk("字符设备驱动注册成功\n");
    //5.自动创建设备节点
    cls = class_create(THIS_MODULE,"led");
    if(IS_ERR(cls))
    {
        printk("创建逻辑节点目录失败\n");
        ret=PTR_ERR(cls);
        goto ERR4;
    }
    printk("创建逻辑节点目录成功\n");
    //向上提交节点信息
    for(i=0; i<count; i++)
    {
        dev = device_create(cls,NULL,MKDEV(major,i),NULL,"myled%d",i);
        if(IS_ERR(dev))
        {
            printk("创建逻辑节点失败\n");
            ret = PTR_ERR(dev);
            goto ERR5;
        }
        printk("创建逻辑节点成功\n");
    }
    //互斥锁的初始化
    mutex_init(&mutex);
    return 0;
ERR5:
    for(--i;i>=0;i--)
    {
        device_destroy(cls,MKDEV(major,i));
    }
    class_destroy(cls);
ERR4:
    cdev_del(cdev);
ERR3:
    unregister_chrdev_region(MKDEV(major,minor),count);
ERR2:
    kfree(cdev);
ERR1:
    return ret;
}
static void __exit mycdev_exit(void)
{
    int i;
    //删除定时器对象
    del_timer(&mytimer);
    //释放设备号
    gpiod_set_value(desc,0);
    gpiod_put(desc);
    //1.销毁设备节点
    for(i=0; i<count; i++)
    {
        device_destroy(cls,MKDEV(major,i));
    }
    class_destroy(cls);
    //2.注销字符设备驱动
    cdev_del(cdev);
    //3.释放设备号
    unregister_chrdev_region(MKDEV(major,minor),count);
    //4.释放动态申请的空间
    kfree(cdev);
}
module_init(mycdev_init);
module_exit(mycdev_exit);
MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");

3、test.c——外部测试程序

#include<stdio.h>
#include<sys/types.h>
#include<sys/stat.h>
#include<fcntl.h>
#include<unistd.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<string.h>
#include<sys/ioctl.h>

int main(int argc,char const *argv[])
{
    char buf[128]={};
    int fd;
    int which;
    printf("请输入想要控制的灯 1：LED1 2：LED2 3：LED3\n");
    scanf("%d",&which);
    getchar();
    switch (which)
    {
        case 1:
            fd=open("/dev/myled0",O_RDWR);
            break;
        case 2:
            fd=open("/dev/myled1",O_RDWR);
            break;
        case 3:
            fd=open("/dev/myled2",O_RDWR);
            break;
        default:
            printf("输入有误，程序退出\n");
            exit(-1);
    }
    if(fd<0)
    {
        printf("打开文件失败\n");
        exit(-1);
    }
    printf("打开文件成功\n");
    ioctl(fd,0,&which);
    close(fd);
    return 0;
}