Ubuntu下创建简单的ROR工程环境

原文: http://blog.csdn.net/aegoose/article/details/7475491

 

之前由于实际工作的需要,忙于在ubuntu下创建一个初始化工程环境,终于有机会把脚本写出来了,贴出来保存一下,也分享给有需要的人看看.

 

1.基础依赖环境

 

Ubuntu OS (12.04是个不错的选择)

 

rvm (参考文官安装环境,https://rvm.io/)

curl -L get.rvm.io | bash -s stable source ~/.rvm/scripts/'rvm' rvm requirements

 

ruby-1.9.3-p125 (ruby193的语言要求更严格,值得试一下的)

rvm install 1.9.3-p125 mysql 5.5
sudo apt-get install mysql-server mysql-client rubygem 1.8+ (193已带有)
rails 3.2+ (3.2.1)
gem install rails -v 3.2.1 rake 0.9.2.2
gem install rake -v 0.9.2.2

 

bundler 1.0.22+

gem install bundler mysql2 0.3.11
sqlite3

 

2.创建一个新的工程

 

rails new $project_name -f -d mysql -T --skip-bundle可以先设置一个工程的名字:project_name=xxxxx

3.添加工程对rvm的支持

 

 

cd $project_name touch .rvmrc echo "rvm use 1.9.3-p125@his --create --install" > .rvmrc rvm use 1.9.3-p125@his --create --install

4.配置Gemfile并加入需要的插件

#cd $project_name echo '# source "https://rubygems.org" source "http://ruby.taobao.org/" gem "rails", "3.2.1" # Bundle edge Rails instead: # gem "rails", :git => "git://github.com/rails/rails.git" gem "mysql2", "0.3.11" gem "sqlite3", "1.3.5" # Gems used only for assets and not required # in production environments by default. group :assets do gem "sass-rails", "~> 3.2.3" gem "coffee-rails", "~> 3.2.1" # See https://github.com/sstephenson/execjs#readme for more supported runtimes gem "execjs", "~> 1.3.0" gem "therubyracer" gem "uglifier", ">= 1.0.3" gem "compass-rails", "~> 1.0.1" gem "bootstrap-sass", "~> 2.0.2" # compass plugin for boostrap #gem "bootstrap-rails" end # gem "haml", "~> 3.1.4" gem "haml-rails", "~> 0.3.4" gem "jquery-rails" # To use ActiveModel has_secure_password # gem "bcrypt-ruby", "~> 3.0.0" # To use Jbuilder templates for JSON # gem "jbuilder" # Use unicorn as the web server # gem "unicorn" # Deploy with Capistrano gem "capistrano" # To use debugger # gem "ruby-debug19", :require => "ruby-debug" gem "jquery-rails" gem "devise", "~> 2.0.4" gem "oauth", "~> 0.4.5" gem "oauth2" gem "cancan" #gem "userstamp" # right now not support well for rails 3.2 #gem "globalize3" gem "simple-navigation" # Menu generator gem "paperclip" # File and image upload # gem "tiny_mce" # Rich text editor, multiple language gem "tinymce-rails", "~> 3.4.9" # gem "ckeditor" # Rich text editor gem "simple_form" gem "will_paginate", "~> 3.0.pre2" #gem "rmagick", "~> 2.13.1" # Interface between Ruby and ImageMagick. #gem "rtesseract", "~> 0.0.8" # Ruby library for working with the Tesseract OCR gem "sunspot_rails", "~> 2.0.0.pre.111215" gem "sunspot_solr", "~> 2.0.0.pre.111215" gem "tlsmail", "~> 0.0.1" # enables pop or smtp via ssl/tls group :development, :test do #gem "delorean" # Travel in time with Ruby by mocking Time.now gem "simplecov", "~> 0.6.1" # instead of rcov, Code coverage tool for Ruby. gem "yard", "~> 0.7.5" gem "hamlify", "~> 1.0.0" # HTML to HAML conversion tool http://rubygems.org/gems/hamlify gem "hpricot", "~> 0.8.4" gem "ruby_parser", "~> 2.3.1" end group :test do gem "rspec-rails" gem "shoulda" gem "cucumber-rails" gem "cucumber-websteps" gem "capybara" gem "factory_girl_rails" gem "database_cleaner" gem "launchy" #gem "parallel_tests" # Speedup Test::Unit + RSpec + Cucumber # by running parallel on multiple CPUs (or cores). end' > Gemfile bundle install

5.为工程创建一个专属于的mysql账号

echo "grant all privileges on *.* to 'his'@'localhost' identified by 'his123';"|mysql -uroot -p$mysql_pwd 可以预先设置好mysql当前root的密码,以保证创建成功:mysql_pwd=xxxx

6.配置工程数据库

#cd $project_name sed -i 's/username\: root/username\: his/g' config/database.yml sed -i 's/password\:/password\: his123/g' config/database.yml

7.初始化数据库

#cd $project_name bundle exec rake db:create

 

 

好了,可以安装一些特殊的插件上去了.....

 

8.安装devise插件支持(登录插件)

bundle exec rails g devise:install # 会首先以下提示 # =============================================================================== # # Some setup you must do manually if you haven't yet: # 1. config/environments/development.rb: # config.action_mailer.default_url_options = { :host => 'localhost:3000' } # In production, :host should be set to the actual host of your application. # 2. Ensure you have defined root_url to *something* in your config/routes.rb. # root :to => "home#index" # 3. Ensure you have flash messages in app/views/layouts/application.html.erb. # <p class="notice"><%= notice %></p> # <p class="alert"><%= alert %></p> # 4. If you are deploying Rails 3.1 on Heroku, you may want to set: # config.assets.initialize_on_precompile = false # # On config/application.rb forcing your application to not access the DB # or load models when precompiling your assets. # ===============================================================================

8.1 重新修改主页的支持

mv public\index.html public\index.html.bak bundle exec rails g controller home index sed -i 's/# root/root/g' config/routes.rb sed -i 's/welcome#index/home#index/g' config/routes.rb

8.2 添加本机邮箱主机

sed -i 's/^end/\n config\.action_mailer\.default_url_options = \{ :host => "localhost:3000" \}\n\nend/g' config/environments/development.rb #要是有域名的话,可以用上域名,如果只是本地试一下,用localhost即可.

8.3 安装devise的模型及视图

 

bundle exec rails g devise user bundle exec rails g devise:views users

8.4 将erb文件转换成haml文件

touch tohaml.rb echo 'class ToHaml def initialize(path) @path = path end def convert! Dir["#{@path}/**/*.erb"].each do |file| `html2haml -rx #{file} #{file.gsub(/\.erb$/, '.haml')}` end end end path = File.join(File.dirname(__FILE__), 'app', 'views') ToHaml.new(path).convert!' > tohaml.rb ruby tohaml.rb # 注意,如果运行tohaml.rb不成功,则要考虑安装一下haml,即: # gem install haml rm -rf app/views/**/**/*.erb

8.5 让devise的注册支持邮箱确认

sed -i 's/# t.string :confirmation_token/t.string :confirmation_token/g' db/migrate/*_devise_create_users.rb sed -i 's/# t.datetime :confirmed_at/t.datetime :confirmed_at/g' db/migrate/*_devise_create_users.rb sed -i 's/# t.datetime :confirmation_sent_at/t.datetime :confirmation_sent_at/g' db/migrate/*_devise_create_users.rb sed -i 's/# t.string :unconfirmed_email/t.string :unconfirmed_email/g' db/migrate/*_devise_create_users.rb sed -i 's/t.string :email/t.string :username\nt.string :email/g' db/migrate/*_devise_create_users.rb sed -i 's/:validatable/:validatable, :confirmable/g' app/models/user.rb sed -i 's/attr_accessible/attr_accessible :username,/g' app/models/user.rb # 要在development.rb配置邮箱才行, 以下是用gmail来配置,它需要tls/ssl的邮箱登录方式,163的配置相对简单,不细说. sed -i 's/^end/\n\ require "tlsmail"\ Net::SMTP.enable_tls(OpenSSL::SSL::VERIFY_NONE)\ ActionMailer::Base.delivery_method = :smtp\ ActionMailer::Base.perform_deliveries = true\ ActionMailer::Base.smtp_settings = {\ :address => "smtp.gmail.com",\ :port => 587,\ :domain => "mails.google.com",\ :user_name => "his.hostpital@gmail.com",\ :password => "hissys123",\ :authentication => "plain",\ :enable_starttls_auto => true}\nend/g' config/environments/development.rb

9.安装sunspot的支持

bundle exec rails g sunspot_rails:install

10.安装rspec的支持

bundle exec rails g rspec:install

11.安装cucumber的支持

 

 

bundle exec rails g cucumber:install

11.1 配置一下cucumber的web_step

 

 

# referrence from https://www.relishapp.com/kucaahbe/cucumber-websteps/docs touch features/support/paths.rb #vim features/support/paths.rb echo ' ######################################################### # features/support/paths.rb module NavigationHelpers # Maps a name to a path. Used by the # # When /^I go to (.+)$/ do |page_name| # # step definition # def path_to(page_name) case page_name when /^the home\s?page$/ "/" when /the sign up page/ "/users/sign_up" when /the sign in page/ "/users/sign_in" # Add more mappings here. # Here is an example that pulls values out of the Regexp: # # when /^(.*)''s profile page$/i # user_profile_path(User.find_by_login($1)) else begin page_name =~ /^the (.*) page$/ path_components = $1.split(/\s+/) self.send(path_components.push("path").join("_").to_sym) rescue NoMethodError, ArgumentError raise "Can''t find mapping from \"#{page_name}\" to a path.\n" + "Now, go and add a mapping in #{__FILE__}" end end end end World(NavigationHelpers) #########################################################'> features/support/paths.rb touch features/support/selectors.rb #vim features/support/selectors.rb echo ' ######################################################### # features/support/selectors.rb module HtmlSelectorsHelpers # Maps a name to a selector. Used primarily by the # # When /^(.+) within (.+)$/ do |step, scope| # # step definitions # def selector_for(locator) case locator when "the page" "html > body" # Add more mappings here. # Here is an example that pulls values out of the Regexp: # # when /^the (notice|error|info) flash$/ # ".flash.#{$1}" # You can also return an array to use a different selector # type, like: # # when /the header/ # [:xpath, "//header"] # This allows you to provide a quoted selector as the scope # for "within" steps as was previously the default for the # web steps: when /^"(.+)"$/ $1 else raise "Can''t find mapping from \"#{locator}\" to a selector.\n" + "Now, go and add a mapping in #{__FILE__}" end end end World(HtmlSelectorsHelpers) #########################################################' > features/support/selectors.rb #vim features/step_definitions/web_steps.rb echo ' ######################################################### # features/step_definitions/web_steps.rb require "cucumber/websteps" #########################################################' > features/step_definitions/web_steps.rb

12.安装simple_navigation导航栏或面包屑

bundle exec rails g navigation_config

13.配置i18n支持

 

一些基本的多语言的yml文件可以从相关的网站下载: https://github.com/svenfuchs/rails-i18n/tree/master/rails/locale
可以拷贝到config/locales/defaults
配置config/application.rb支持多语言yml:

 

sed -i 's/# config.i18n.load_path/config.i18n.load_path/g' config/application.rb sed -i "s/'locales',/'locales', '**',/g" config/application.rb sed -i 's/# config.i18n.default_locale = :de/config.i18n.default_locale = :en/g' config/application.rb
创建其他多语言的配置文件夹,用于工程工发过程的各个类型的多语言配置

 

 

# make model support i18n, need gem globalize3 # category of locales file # - locales # - defaults # - model # - views # -users # -others # * controller should use flash[:notice] support # * model # * helper,viewer use the "t('.word')"mkdir config/locales/defaults mkdir config/models mkdir config/views mkdir config/views/users

14.配置工程支持compass & bootstrap

# 安装compass到rails工程 bundle exec compass init rails --syntax sass # 详细可以参考: <a href="http://compass-style.org/install/" mce_href="http://compass-style.org/install/">http://compass-style.org/install/</a> # 配置bootstrap-sass集成到compass echo "require 'bootstrap-sass'" >> config/compass.rb # 新建一个样式sass专门引入bootstrap的配置,用@import方式 touch app/assets/stylesheets/app_bootstrap.css.sass echo '@import "bootstrap" @import "bootstrap-responsive"' > app/assets/stylesheets/app_bootstrap.css.sass # 配置js脚本引入bootstrap的脚本 sed -i 's/= require_tree/=# require_tree/g' app/assets/javascripts/application.js echo '// Loads all Bootstrap javascripts //= require bootstrap // Or peek any of them yourself //#= require bootstrap-transition //#= require bootstrap-alert //#= require bootstrap-modal //#= require bootstrap-dropdown //#= require bootstrap-scrollspy //#= require bootstrap-tab //#= require bootstrap-tooltip //#= require bootstrap-popover //#= require bootstrap-button //#= require bootstrap-collapse //#= require bootstrap-carousel //#= require bootstrap-typeahead' >> app/assets/javascripts/application.js

15.安装simple_form的支持

rails g simple_form:install --bootstrap
主要插件基本装完,可以启动服务器了....

 

 

rake db:migrate rails s

Bootstrap是网格的样式效果,支持html5及mobile, 除了它之外,像blueprint也是相类似的,而blueprint是compass支持的模式,不过没有较好的js效果.

关于sass与scss,这些都是compass框架可以进行解析的文件格式,两者实现的效果完全没有任何区别,只是两种不一样的代码模式,在工程中完全可以穿插使用,全部由compass解析.

另外还有一种是less模式,是bootstrap完全支持的,不过不能由compass解析,需要其他插件解析支持.

可以参考:

http://stackoverflow.com/questions/7127677/compass-vs-twitter-bootstrap

bootstrap的插件很多个,bootstrap-sass只是其中一个,以目前的知识知道还可以实现,其他没有测试过.

关于一些linux命令的使用

 

sed

sed -i 's/old_string/new_strig/g' 文件路径 <pre name="code" class="plain"># old_string即文件中原来的路径, 可以包括""号文本,或要包括单引号文本,则需要加上单绰号,如下例子:</pre># e.g1: sed -i 's/helloword/hello"world"/g' my_file.txt# e.g2: sed -i 's/helloword/hello''world''/g' my_file.txt# e.g3: sed -i "s/helloword/hello'world'/g" my_file.txt# 不过要是使用双引号的话,则有些变量以及正则式特殊字符回失效.# 参数-i表示替换原文件,立即生效, 不能用-e,否则无法生效

echo

 

# 打印变量 echo $variable # 输出字符串到文件,并替换整个文件 echo "context" > file # 输出字符串到文件,并追加到文件尾处 echo "new line" > file # 输出整个文本块到文件 echo 'begin text, line 1 line 2 line 3 line "2232344" line 5 line end' >fileset variable

 

 

new_var=1 echo $new_var # output: 1 # $new_var then can be use in shell.