QPainter的用法

QPainter的用法

Yanboo 发表于 2005-03-10 19:14:57

QPainter能在wdiget或pixmap等"paint device"上绘图. Qpainter在写自定义widget或有独特风格的自定义item时很有用. 

QPainter能绘制几何图形: 点, 线, 矩形, 椭圆, 弧, 弦, 饼图, 多边形 及 贝塞尔曲线. 它也能绘制pixmap, images, and text. 

当把一个paint device传递给QPainter的构造器时, QPainter采用这个device的一些设置并把其他设置初始化为缺省值. 这些设置影响执行绘制操作的方法. 三个最重要的是painter的pen, brush, font: 
   pen:    颜色, 粗细, 线型 
   brush:   颜色, 风格 
   font:   
例如: 
   QPainter painter ( this); 
   painter.setPen( QPen( black, 3, DashDotLine ) ); 
   painter.setBrush( QBrush( red, SolidPattern) ); 
   painter.drawEllipse( 20, 20, 100, 60 ); 
其中，pen styles： SolidLine(实心线), DashLine(长划线), DotLine(点线), DashDotLine(点划线), DashDotDotLine(双点划线). 
       brush styles： SolidPattern, Dense1Pattern, Dense2Pattern,  Dense3Pattern, Dense4Pattern, Dense5Pattern,  Dense6Pattern, Dense7Pattern,  HorPattern, VerPattern, CrossPattern, BDiagPattern, FDiagPattern, DiagCrossPattern, NoBrush. 

** 

painter的当前状态能通过调用save()和稍后调用restore()存储在stack中.当我们需要临时改变一些painter settings并要恢复到以前的状态时,这个功能是很有用的. 
pen, brush, font之外的其他painter控制设置有: 
   background color 
   raster poeration 
   brush origin 
   clip region 
   viewport, window, world matrix 
Let’s take a closer look at the coordinate system defined by the viewport, 
window, and world matrix. (In this context, the term “window” does not refer 
to a window in the sense of a top-level widget, and the “viewport” has nothing 
to do with QScrollView’s viewport.) 

viewport和window关系紧密。viewport是在物理坐标系中指定的任意矩形。 window在逻辑坐标系中指定同样的矩形。  当绘制时，在逻辑坐标系中指定了点，  这些坐标点被按照线性代数关系转换成物理坐标, 这种转换基于当前window-viewport设置。 

缺省的，viewport和window都被设置成device的矩形。例如， 如果device是320*200部件， viewport 和 window 都是同样的320*200矩形，它的左上角是(0, 0)。 这时，逻辑和物理是统一的。 

window-viewport机制对绘制那些独立于尺寸编码的图形或device的分辨率。    
我们常自己运算转换逻辑坐标到物理坐标。但他的简单性让QPainter起作用。 
例如，如果我们想让逻辑坐标从(-50, -50)扩展到(+50, +50)， (0, 0)为中点， 
可以如下设置： 
       painter.setWindow( QRect(-50, -50, 100, 100) ); 
(-50,-50)指定原点，(100, 100)指定宽和高。  这意味着逻辑坐标(-50,-50)与物理坐标 
(0,0)重合， 逻辑坐标(+50,+50)与物理坐标(320,200)吻合。 



例子： 
main.cpp 
//------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
#include <qapplication.h> 
#include "testpainter.h" 

int main( int argc, char **argv ) 
{ 
   QApplication app ( argc, argv ); 
    
   TestPainter testPainter ; 
    
   app.setMainWidget( &testPainter ); 
   testPainter.show(); 
   testPainter.draw(); 
   testPainter.drawPie(); 
   testPainter.drawCubicBezier(); 
    
   testPainter.show(); 
   return app.exec(); 
} 

testpainter.h: 
//------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
#ifndef TESTPAINTER_H 
#define TESTPAINTER_H 

#include <qwidget.h> 

class TestPainter : public QWidget 
{ 
public: 
   TestPainter( QWidget* parent=0, const char* name=0 ); 
   ~TestPainter(); 
   void draw(); 
   void drawPie(); 
   void drawCubicBezier(); 
};     
#endif 


testpainter.cpp: 
//------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
#include <qpainter.h> 

#include "testpainter.h" 

TestPainter::TestPainter( QWidget* parent, const char* name) 
   :QWidget(parent, name ) 
{ 
} 

TestPainter::~TestPainter() 
{ 
} 

void TestPainter::draw() 
{ 
   QPainter painter (this ); 
   painter.setPen( QPen( black, 8, DashDotLine) ); 
   painter.setBrush( QBrush( red, Dense6Pattern) ); 
   painter.drawEllipse( 20, 20, 100, 60 );     
} 

void TestPainter::drawPie( ) 
{ 
   QPainter painter ( this ); 
   painter.setPen( QPen( black, 5, SolidLine) ); 
   painter.setBrush( QBrush( red, Dense1Pattern) ); 
   painter.drawPie( 160, 20, 100, 60, 60 * 16, 270 * 16 ); 
} 

void TestPainter::drawCubicBezier() 
{ 
   QPainter painter( this ); 
   QPointArray points( 4 ); 
   points[0] = QPoint( 280, 80 ); 
   points[1] = QPoint( 320, 10 ); 
   points[2] = QPoint( 360, 10 ); 
   points[3] = QPoint( 400, 80 ); 
   painter.setPen( QPen(blue, 2, SolidLine) ); 
   painter.drawCubicBezier( points ); 
} 

//------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
#ifndef TESTPAINTER_H 
#define TESTPAINTER_H 

#include <qwidget.h> 

class TestPainter : public QWidget 
{ 
public: 
   TestPainter( QWidget* parent=0, const char* name=0 ); 
   ~TestPainter(); 
   void draw(); 
   void drawPie(); 
   void drawCubicBezier(); 
};     
#endif 

//------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
#include <qpainter.h> 
#include <Q3PointArray>
#include "testpainter.h" 

TestPainter::TestPainter( QWidget* parent, const char* name) 
   :QWidget(parent, name ) 
{ 
} 

TestPainter::~TestPainter() 
{ 
} 

void TestPainter::draw() 
{ 
   QPainter painter (this ); 
   painter.setPen( QPen( Qt::black, 8, Qt::DashDotLine) ); 
   painter.setBrush( QBrush( Qt::red, Qt::Dense6Pattern) ); 
   painter.drawEllipse( 20, 20, 100, 60 );     
} 

void TestPainter::drawPie( ) 
{ 
   QPainter painter ( this ); 
   painter.setPen( QPen( Qt::black, 5, Qt::SolidLine) ); 
   painter.setBrush( QBrush( Qt::red, Qt::Dense1Pattern) ); 
   painter.drawPie( 160, 20, 100, 60, 60 * 16, 270 * 16 ); 
} 

void TestPainter::drawCubicBezier() 
{ 
   QPainter painter( this ); 
   Q3PointArray points( 4 ); 
   points[0] = QPoint( 280, 80 ); 
   points[1] = QPoint( 320, 10 ); 
   points[2] = QPoint( 360, 10 ); 
   points[3] = QPoint( 400, 80 ); 
   painter.setPen( QPen(Qt::blue, 2, Qt::SolidLine) ); 
   painter.drawCubicBezier( points ); 
} 

//------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
#include <qapplication.h> 
#include "testpainter.h" 

int main( int argc, char **argv ) 
{ 
   QApplication app ( argc, argv ); 
    
   TestPainter testPainter ; 
    
   app.setMainWidget( &testPainter ); 
   testPainter.show(); 
   testPainter.draw(); 
   testPainter.drawPie(); 
   testPainter.drawCubicBezier(); 
    
   testPainter.show(); 
   return app.exec(); 
} 
/*
QPainter::begin: Paint device returned engine == 0, type: 1
QPainter::setPen: Painter not active
QPainter::setBrush: Painter not active
QPainter::begin: Paint device returned engine == 0, type: 1
QPainter::setPen: Painter not active
QPainter::setBrush: Painter not active
QPainter::begin: Paint device returned engine == 0, type: 1
QPainter::setPen: Painter not active
请按任意键继续. . .
*/