- lim n → ∞ ( sin π n n + 1 + sin 2 π n n + 1 2 + ⋯ + sin n π n n + 1 n ) \lim\limits _{n \rightarrow \infty}\left(\frac{\sin \frac{\pi}{n}}{n+1}+\frac{\sin \frac{2 \pi}{n}}{n+\frac{1}{2}}+\cdots+\frac{\sin \frac{n \pi}{n}}{n+\frac{1}{n}}\right) n→∞lim(n+1sinnπ+n+21sinn2π+⋯+n+n1sinnnπ)
解析：
显然
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\frac{1}{n+1} \sum_{i=1}^{n} \sin \frac{\pi i}{n} \leqslant \frac{\sin \frac{\pi}{n}}{n+1}+\frac{\sin \frac{2 \pi}{n}}{n+\frac{1}{2}}+\cdots+\frac{\sin \frac{n \pi}{n}}{n+\frac{1}{n}} \leqslant \frac{1}{n} \sum_{i=1}^{n} \sin \frac{\pi i}{n}
n+11i=1∑nsinnπi⩽n+1sinnπ+n+21sinn2π+⋯+n+n1sinnnπ⩽n1i=1∑nsinnπi
且
lim
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lim
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lim
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\begin{aligned} \lim _{n \rightarrow \infty} \frac{1}{n+1} \sum_{i=1}^{n} \sin \frac{\pi i}{n} &=\lim _{n \rightarrow \infty} \frac{n}{n+1} \cdot \frac{1}{n} \sum_{i=1}^{n} \sin \frac{\pi i}{n}=\lim _{n \rightarrow \infty} \frac{1}{n} \sum_{i=1}^{n} \sin \frac{\pi i}{n}=\int_{0}^{1} \sin \pi x \mathrm{d} x \\ &=\frac{1}{\pi} \int_{0}^{\pi} \sin x \mathrm{d} x=\frac{2}{\pi} \int_{0}^{\frac{\pi}{2}} \sin x \mathrm{d} x=\frac{2}{\pi} \end{aligned}
n→∞limn+11i=1∑nsinnπi=n→∞limn+1n⋅n1i=1∑nsinnπi=n→∞limn1i=1∑nsinnπi=∫01sinπxdx=π1∫0πsinxdx=π2∫02πsinxdx=π2
所以由夹逼准则得：
lim
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\lim _{n \rightarrow \infty}\left(\frac{\sin \frac{\pi}{n}}{n+1}+\frac{\sin \frac{2 \pi}{n}}{n+\frac{1}{2}}+\cdots+\frac{\sin \frac{n \pi}{n}}{n+\frac{1}{n}}\right)=\frac{2}{\pi}
n→∞lim(n+1sinnπ+n+21sinn2π+⋯+n+n1sinnnπ)=π2
- lim n → ∞ n ! n n \lim \limits_{n \rightarrow \infty} \frac{\sqrt[n]{n !}}{n} n→∞limnnn!
解析：
lim
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\lim _{n \rightarrow \infty} \frac{\sqrt[n]{n !}}{n}=\lim _{n \rightarrow \infty}\left(\frac{1}{n} \cdot \frac{2}{n} \cdot \cdots \cdot \frac{n}{n}\right)^{\frac{1}{n}}=\mathrm{e}^{\lim _{n \rightarrow \infty} \frac{1}{n} \sum_{i=1}^{n} \ln \frac{i}{n}}=\mathrm{e}^{\int_{0}^{1} \ln x \mathrm{d} x}
n→∞limnnn!=n→∞lim(n1⋅n2⋅⋯⋅nn)n1=elimn→∞n1∑i=1nlnni=e∫01lnxdx
而
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\int_{0}^{1} \ln x \mathrm{d} x=\left.x \ln x\right|_{0} ^{1}-\int_{0}^{1} \mathrm{d} x=-1
∫01lnxdx=xlnx∣01−∫01dx=−1
所以原式
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e
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=e^{-1}
=e−1
- lim n → ∞ ∑ i = 1 n 1 n + i 2 + 1 n \lim \limits_{n \rightarrow \infty} \sum_{i=1}^{n} \frac{1}{n+\frac{i^{2}+1}{n}} n→∞lim∑i=1nn+ni2+11
解析：
因为
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\sum_{i=1}^{n} \frac{1}{n+\frac{(i+1)^{2}}{n}} \leqslant \sum_{i=1}^{n} \frac{1}{n+\frac{i^{2}+1}{n}} \leqslant \sum_{i=1}^{n} \frac{1}{n+\frac{i^{2}}{n}}=\frac{1}{n} \sum_{i=1}^{n} \frac{1}{1+\left(\frac{i}{n}\right)^{2}}
i=1∑nn+n(i+1)21⩽i=1∑nn+ni2+11⩽i=1∑nn+ni21=n1i=1∑n1+(ni)21
又因为
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\sum_{i=1}^{n} \frac{1}{n+\frac{(i+1)^{2}}{n}}=\sum_{i=1}^{n} \frac{1}{n+\frac{i^{2}}{n}}-\frac{1}{n+\frac{1}{n}}+\frac{1}{n+\frac{(n+1)^{2}}{n}}
i=1∑nn+n(i+1)21=i=1∑nn+ni21−n+n11+n+n(n+1)21
且
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\frac{1}{n+\frac{(n+1)^{2}}{n}} \rightarrow 0(n \rightarrow \infty), \frac{1}{n+\frac{1}{n}} \rightarrow 0(n \rightarrow \infty)
n+n(n+1)21→0(n→∞),n+n11→0(n→∞)
所以由夹逼准则，原式
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=\lim \limits_{n \rightarrow \infty} \frac{1}{n} \sum_{i=1}^{n} \frac{1}{1+\left(\frac{i}{n}\right)^{2}}=\int_{0}^{1} \frac{\mathrm{d} x}{1+x^{2}}=\frac{\pi}{4}
=n→∞limn1∑i=1n1+(ni)21=∫011+x2dx=4π
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