因为在一个Activity里如果直接用findViewById()的话,对应的是setConentView()的那个layout里的组件.
因此如果你的Activity里如果用到别的layout,比如对话框上的layout,你还要设置对话框上的layout里的组件(像图片ImageView,文字TextView)上的内容,你就必须用inflate()先将对话框上的layout找出来,然后再用这个layout对象去找到它上面的组件,如:
Viewview=View.inflate(this,R.layout.dialog_layout,null);
TextViewdialogTV=(TextView)view.findViewById(R.id.dialog_tv);
dialogTV.setText("abcd");
如果组件R.id.dialog_tv是对话框上的组件,而你直接用this.findViewById(R.id.dialog_tv)肯定会报错.
为了让大家容易理解我做了一个简单的Demo,主布局main.xml里有一个TextView和一个Button,当点击Button,出现
下面我将详细的说明Demo的实现过程:
1、新建一个 Android工程,我们命名为LayoutInflaterDemo.
2、修改main.xml布局,里面主要在 原来基础上增加了一个Button.代码如下:
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<?xml version="1.0"
encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout
xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:orientation="vertical"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="fill_parent"
>
<TextView
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="@string/hello"
/>
<Button
android:id="@+id/button"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="ShowCustomDialog"
/>
</LinearLayout>
3.定义对话框的布局方式,我们在layout目录下,新建一个名为 custom_dialog.xml文件具体代码如下:
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<?xml version="1.0"
encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout
xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:orientation="horizontal"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="fill_parent"
android:padding="10dp"
>
<ImageView android:id="@+id/image"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="fill_parent"
android:layout_marginRight="10dp"
/>
<TextView android:id="@+id/text"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="fill_parent"
android:textColor="#FFF"
/>
</LinearLayout>
4.修改主程序LayouInflaterDemo.java代码如下:
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package com.android.tutor;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.app.AlertDialog;
import android.content.Context;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.LayoutInflater;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.View.OnClickListener;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.ImageView;
import android.widget.TextView;
public class LayoutInflaterDemo extends Activity implements
OnClickListener {
private Button button;
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.main);
button = (Button)findViewById(R.id.button);
button.setOnClickListener(this);
}
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
showCustomDialog();
}
public void showCustomDialog()
{
AlertDialog.Builder builder;
AlertDialog alertDialog;
Context mContext = LayoutInflaterDemo.this;
//下面俩种方法都可以
LayoutInflater inflater = getLayoutInflater();
LayoutInflater inflater = (LayoutInflater)
mContext.getSystemService(LAYOUT_INFLATER_SERVICE);
View layout = inflater.inflate(R.layout.custom_dialog,null);
TextView text = (TextView) layout.findViewById(R.id.text);
text.setText("Hello, Welcome to Mr Wei's blog!");
ImageView image = (ImageView) layout.findViewById(R.id.image);
image.setImageResource(R.drawable.icon);
builder = new AlertDialog.Builder(mContext);
builder.setView(layout);
alertDialog = builder.create();
alertDialog.show();
}
}
2. 2种获得LayoutInflater的方法
(1)通过SystemService获得
LayoutInflaterinflater=(LayoutInflater)context.getSystemService(Context.LAYOUT_INFLATER_SERVICE);
(2)从给定的context中获取
public static LayoutInflaterfrom(Context context) {
LayoutInflaterLayoutInflater =
(LayoutInflater)context.getSystemService(Context.LAYOUT_INFLATER_SERVICE);
if(LayoutInflater == null) {
throw newAssertionError("LayoutInflater not found.");
}
returnLayoutInflater;
}
,LayoutInflater 需要Context 来得到实例
注:第三种获得LayoutInflater方法:LayoutInflaterinflater=getLayoutInflater();
(3)二者区别:实质是一样的,请看源码
Java代码 :
public static LayoutInflater from(Context context) {
LayoutInflater LayoutInflater =
(LayoutInflater) context.getSystemService(Context.LAYOUT_INFLATER_SERVICE);
if (LayoutInflater == null) {
throw new AssertionError("LayoutInflater not found.");
}
return LayoutInflater;
}
public static LayoutInflater from(Context context) {
LayoutInflater LayoutInflater =
(LayoutInflater) context.getSystemService(Context.LAYOUT_INFLATER_SERVICE);
if (LayoutInflater == null) {
throw new AssertionError("LayoutInflater not found.");
}
return LayoutInflater;
}
3. LayoutInflater.inflate()
将Layout布局文件关联到View,顾名思义,专门供Layout使用的Inflater。在Android中可以通过inflate方法在java代码中把整个xml布局文件与某个View关联。当然可以使用findViewById()找到根布局ViewGroup向布局中添加某个view但是不能把ViewGroup关联与某个View。
findViewById()实例如下:
Xml代码
<ScrollViewxmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:orientation="vertical"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content">
<LinearLayoutandroid:id="@+id/placeslist_linearlayout"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:orientation="vertical">
</LinearLayout>
</ScrollView>
LinearLayout linearLayout =(LinearLayout) findViewById(R.id.placeslist_linearlayout);
linearLayout.addView(place_type_text);
这是可运行的,这上面的xml中,LinearLayout不再是Layout的代表,而只是一个普通的View。
4. findViewById有2中形式
R.layout.xx是引用res/layout/xx.xml的布局文件(inflate方法),R.id.xx是引用布局文件里面的组件,组件的id是xx...(findViewById方法)。看看R.java配置文件吧,R对文件分类管理,多写几个layout.xml后你会发现,所有的组件id都能用R.id.xx来查看,但是组件不在setContentView()里面的layout中就无法使用,Activity.findViewById()会出现空指针异常。
(1)Activity中的findViewById()
public View findViewById (int id)
Finds a view that was identified by the id attribute from the XMLthat was processed in
onCreate(Bundle)
ReturnsThe view if found or null otherwise.
(2)View中的findViewById()
public final View findViewById (int id)
Look for a child view with the given id. If this view has the givenid, return thisview.
Returns The view that has the given id in the hierarchy or null