一、fcntl()函数有如下特性:
1)非阻塞I/O: 可将cmd 设为F_SETFL,将lock设为O_NONBLOCK
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <sys/wait.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/un.h>
#include <sys/time.h>
#include <sys/ioctl.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#define SERVPORT 3333
#define BACKLOG 10
#define MAX_CONNECTED_NO 10
#define MAXDATASIZE 100
int main()
{
struct sockaddr_in server_sockaddr,client_sockaddr;
int sin_size,recvbytes,flags;
int sockfd,client_fd;
char buf[MAXDATASIZE];
/*创建socket*/
if((sockfd = socket(AF_INET,SOCK_STREAM,0))==-1){
perror("socket");
exit(1);
}
printf("socket success!,sockfd=%d\n",sockfd);
/*设置sockaddr结构*/
server_sockaddr.sin_family=AF_INET;
server_sockaddr.sin_port=htons(SERVPORT);
server_sockaddr.sin_addr.s_addr=INADDR_ANY;
bzero(&(server_sockaddr.sin_zero),8);
/*将本地ip地址绑定端口号*/
if(bind(sockfd,(struct sockaddr *)&server_sockaddr,sizeof(struct sockaddr))==-1){
perror("bind");
exit(1);
}
printf("bind success!\n");
/*监听*/
if(listen(sockfd,BACKLOG)==-1){
perror("listen");
exit(1);
}
printf("listening....\n");
/*fcntl()函数,处理多路复用I/O*/
if((flags=fcntl( sockfd, F_SETFL, 0))<0)
perror("fcntl F_SETFL");
flags |= O_NONBLOCK;
if(fcntl( sockfd, F_SETFL,flags)<0)
perror("fcntl");
while(1){
sin_size=sizeof(struct sockaddr_in);
if((client_fd=accept(sockfd,(struct sockaddr*)&client_sockaddr,&sin_size))==-1){ //服务器接受客户端的请求,返回一个新的文件描述符
perror("accept");
exit(1);
}
if((recvbytes=recv(client_fd,buf,MAXDATASIZE,0))==-1){
perror("recv");
exit(1);
}
if(read(client_fd,buf,MAXDATASIZE)<0){
perror("read");
exit(1);
}
printf("received a connection :%s",buf);
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> /*关闭连接*/</span>
close(client_fd);
exit(1);
/*while*/
}
结果:
[root@localhost net]# ./fcntl
socket success!,sockfd=3
bind success!
listening....
accept: Resource temporarily unavailable
2)信号驱动I/O:可将cmd设为F_SETFL,将lock设为O_ASYNC.
flags |= O_ASYNC;
if(fcntl( sockfd, F_SETFL,flags)<0) perror("fcntl");
结果:
[root@localhost net]# ./fcntl1
socket success!,sockfd = 3
bind success!
listening...
二、 select
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <sys/wait.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/un.h>
#include <sys/time.h>
#include <sys/ioctl.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#define SERVPORT 3333
#define BACKLOG 10
#define MAX_CONNECTED_NO 10
#define MAXDATASIZE 100
int main()
{
struct sockaddr_in server_sockaddr,client_sockaddr;
int sin_size,recvbytes;
fd_set readfd;
fd_set writefd;
int sockfd,client_fd;
char buf[MAXDATASIZE];
/*创建socket*/
if((sockfd = socket(AF_INET,SOCK_STREAM,0))==-1){
perror("socket");
exit(1);
}
printf("socket success!,sockfd=%d\n",sockfd);
/*设置sockaddr结构*/
server_sockaddr.sin_family=AF_INET;
server_sockaddr.sin_port=htons(SERVPORT);
server_sockaddr.sin_addr.s_addr=INADDR_ANY;
bzero(&(server_sockaddr.sin_zero),8);
/*将本地ip地址绑定端口号*/
if(bind(sockfd,(struct sockaddr *)&server_sockaddr,sizeof(struct sockaddr))==-1){
perror("bind");
exit(1);
}
printf("bind success!\n");
/*监听*/
if(listen(sockfd,BACKLOG)==-1){
perror("listen");
exit(1);
}
printf("listening....\n");
/*select*/
FD_ZERO(&readfd); // 将readfd 清空
FD_SET(sockfd,&readfd); //将sockfd加入到readfd集合中
while(1){
sin_size=sizeof(struct sockaddr_in);
if(select(MAX_CONNECTED_NO,&readfd,NULL,NULL,(struct timeval *)0)>0){ //第一个参数是0和sockfd的最大值加1,第二个参数是读集,第三、四个参数是写集 //和异常集
if(FD_ISSET(sockfd,&readfd)>0){ // FD_ISSET 这个宏判断 sockfd 是否属于可读的文件描述符。从 sockfd 中读入, 输出到标准输出上去.
if((client_fd=accept(sockfd,(struct sockaddr *)&client_sockaddr,&sin_size))==-1){ //client_sockaddr:客户端地址
perror("accept");
exit(1);
}
if((recvbytes=recv(client_fd,buf,MAXDATASIZE,0))==-1){
perror("recv");
exit(1);
}
if(read(client_fd,buf,MAXDATASIZE)<0){
perror("read");
exit(1);
}
printf("received a connection :%s",buf);
}/*if*/
close(client_fd);
}/*select*/
}/*while*/
}
结果 :
[root@localhost net]# gcc select1.c -o select1
[root@localhost net]# ./select1
socket create success!
bind success!
listening...