设计模式（九）享元模式

一.定义与类型

1.定义：提供了减少对象数量从而改善应用所需的对象结构的方式

运用共享技术有效地支持大量细粒度的对象

2.类型：结构型

二.适用场景

1.常常用于系统底层的开发，以便解决系统的性能问题

2.系统有大量相似对象、需要缓冲池的场景

三.优点

1.减少对象的创建，降低内存中对象的数量，降低系统的内存，提高效率

2.减少内存之外的其他资源占用

四.缺点

1.关注内/外部状态、关注线程安全问题

2.使系统、程序的逻辑复杂化

五.扩展

1.内部状态

不会随着环境改变而改变的共享部分

2.外部状态

六.UML

7.代码

Employee.java

package com.caomingyu.autotest.flyweight;

public interface Employee {
    void report();
}

Manager.java

package com.caomingyu.autotest.flyweight;

public class Manager implements Employee {
    public void report() {
        System.out.println(reportContent);
    }
    private String department;
    private String reportContent;

    public void setReportContent(String reportContent) {
        this.reportContent = reportContent;
    }

    public Manager(String department) {
        this.department = department;
    }
}

EmployeeFactory.java

package com.caomingyu.autotest.flyweight;

import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

public class EmployeeFactory {
    //Map相当于对象池
    private static final Map<String, Employee> EMPLOYEE_MAP = new HashMap<String, Employee>();
    public static Employee getManager(String department){
        Manager manager = (Manager) EMPLOYEE_MAP.get(department);
        if (manager == null){
            manager = new Manager(department);
            System.out.println("创建部门经理：" + department);
            String reportContent = department + "部门汇报：此次报告的主要内容是......";
            manager.setReportContent(reportContent);
            System.out.println(" 创建报告:" + reportContent);
            EMPLOYEE_MAP.put(department,manager);

        }
        return manager;
    }
}

Test.java

package com.caomingyu.autotest.flyweight;

public class Test {
    private static final String departments[] = {"RD","QA","PM","BD"};

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++){
            String department = departments[(int)(Math.random() * departments.length)];
            Manager manager = (Manager) EmployeeFactory.getManager(department);
            manager.report();
        }
    }
}

享元模式要考虑线程安全问题，这里的map并不是线程安全的，因为这里场景简单不需要。department是外部状态