【C++】学习笔记四十八——this指针

this指针

this指针指向用来调用成员函数的对象（this被作为隐藏参数传递给方法）。

每个成员函数（包括构造函数和析构函数）都有一个this指针。this指针指向电泳对象。如果方法需要引用整个调用对象，则可以用表达式*this。在函数的括号后面使用const限定符将this限定为const，这样将不能使用this来修改对象的值。

然而，要返回的值并不是this（因为this是对象的指针），而是对象本身，即*this。

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程序10.7 stock20.h

#ifndef STOCK20_H_
#define STOCK20_H_

#include <string>

class Stock
{
private:
    std::string company;
    long shares;
    double share_val;
    double total_val;
    void set_tot() { total_val = shares * share_val; }
public:
    Stock();
    Stock(const std::string & co, long n = 0, double pr = 0.0);
    ~Stock();
    void buy(long num, double price);
    void sell(long num, double price);
    void update(double price);
    void show();
    const Stock & topval(const Stock & s) const;
};
#endif

程序10.8 stock20.cpp

#include <iostream>
#include "stock20.h"

//constructors
Stock::Stock()
{
    company = "no name";
    shares = 0;
    share_val = 0.0;
    total_val = 0.0;
}

Stock::Stock(const std::string & co, long n, double pr)
{
    company = co;
    if (n < 0)
    {
        std::cout << "Number of shares can't be negative; "
            << company << " shares set to 0.\n";
        shares = 0;
    }
    else
        shares = n;
    share_val = pr;
    set_tot();
}

//class destructor
Stock::~Stock()
{
}

//other methods
void Stock::buy(long num, double price)
{
    if (num < 0)
    {
        std::cout << "Number of shares purchased can't be negative; "
            << "Transaction is aborted.\n";
    }
    else
    {
        shares += num;
        share_val = price;
        set_tot();
    }
}

void Stock::sell(long num, double price)  //减少持有股票
{
    using std::cout;
    if (num < 0)
    {
        cout << "Number of shares sold can't be negative; "
            << "Transaction is aborted.\n";
    }
    else if (num > shares)
    {
        cout << "You can't sell more than you have! "
            << "Transaction is aborted.\n";
    }
    else
    {
        shares -= num;
        share_val = price;
        set_tot();
    }
}

void Stock::update(double price)
{
    share_val = price;
    set_tot();
}

void Stock::show() const
{
    using std::cout;
    using std::ios_base;
    //set format to #.###
    ios_base::fmtflags orig =
        cout.setf(ios_base::fixed, ios_base::floatfield);
    std::streamsize prec = cout.precision(3);

    cout << "Company: " << company
        << " Shares: " << shares << '\n'
        << " Share Price: $" << share_val;
    cout.precision(2);
    cout << " Total Worth: $" << total_val << '\n';

    //restore orginal format
    cout.setf(orig, ios_base::floatfield);
    cout.precision(prec);
}

const Stock & Stock::topval(const Stock & s) const
{
    if (s.total_val > total_val)
        return s;
    else
        return *this;
}