Lua快速入门与Torch教程

Lua

最猛的版本还是在【2】里面，15 Min搞定Lua，因为Lua是一种脚本语言，用标准C语言编写并以源代码形式开放， 其设计目的是为了嵌入应用程序中，从而为应用程序提供灵活的扩展和定制功能。所以会Perl，Python，Shell的话应该很快上手。

变量和控制流

注释：
单行： –
多行：

--[[
--]]

num = 42 – 所有的数字都是double，整数有52bits来存储。
s = ‘first expression’
s2 = ”second expression of string”
muli_line_strings = [[ass
ssss]]
t = nil – 未定义的t；会有垃圾回收

while 循环：

while num < 50 do
    num = num + 1
end 

IF语句：

if num > 40 then
    print('Over 40')
elseif s~= 'hello' then 
    io.write('Not over 40\n')
else 
    thisIsGlobal = 5
    local line = io.read()
    print('Winter is coming,' .. line)
end         

Undefined Variable will be nil

foo = anUnknownVariable
aBoolValue = false

-- only nil and false are falsy
if not aBoolValue then
    print('twas false')
end 

karlSum = 0
for I = 1, 100 do
    karlSum = karlSum + i
end

fredSum = 0
for j = 100, 1, -1 do
    fredSum = fredSum + j
end

repeat 
    print('The way of the future')
    num = num - 1
until num == 0          

函数表示

function fib(n)
    if n < 2 then
        return 1
    end
    return fib(n-2) + fib(n-1)
end     

-- closures and anonymous functions
function adder(x)
    return function(y) return x + y
end 
a1 = adder(9)
a2 = adder(36)
print(a1(16)) -- >25
print(a2(64)) --> 100

x, y, z = 1,2,3,4  -- 4 被扔掉
function bar(a,b,c)
    print(a,b,c)
    return 4,8,15,16,23,42
end
x,y = bar('zaphod')  -- print 'zaphod' nil nil
-- x = 4
-- y = 8

-- global function.
function f(x) 
    return x*x
end 
f = function (x) return x*x end  

-- local function
local function g(x) 
    return math.sin(x)
end 
local g;
g = function(x)
    return math.sin(x)
end     

哈希表

t = {key1 = 'value1', key2 = false}
print(t.key1)
t.newkey = {}
t.key2 = nil -- remove key2 from the table.

u = {['@!#'] = 'qbert', [{}] = 1729, [6.28] = 'tau'}  
-- use any value as key
print(u[6.28])

a = u['@!#']
b = u[{}] -- b = nil since lookup fails.

function h(x) print(x.key1) end
h{key1 = 'Sonmi~451'}  -- Prints 'Sonmi~451'

for key, val in pairs(u) do -- table iteration
    print(key, val)
end 

print(_G['_G'] == _G) -- Print 'true'

v = {
  'value1', 'value2', 1.21, 'gigawatts'}
for i = 1, #v do
    print(v[i])
end

f1 = {a = 1, b = 2}  -- f1 = 0.5
f2 = {a = 2, b = 3}  -- fail: s = f1 + f2

metafraction = {}
function metafraction.__add(f1, f2)
  sum = {}
  sum.b = f1.b * f2.b
  sum.a = f1.a * f2.b + f2.a * f1.b
  return sum
end

setmetatable(f1, metafraction)
setmetatable(f2, metafraction)

s = f1 + f2  -- call __add(f1, f2) on f1's metatable     

defaultFavs = {animal = 'gru', food = 'donuts'}
myFavs = {food = 'piazza'}
setmetatable(myFavs, {__index = defaultFavs})
eatenBy = myFavs.animal

-- __add(a, b)                     for a + b
-- __sub(a, b)                     for a - b
-- __mul(a, b)                     for a * b
-- __div(a, b)                     for a / b
-- __mod(a, b)                     for a % b
-- __pow(a, b)                     for a ^ b
-- __unm(a)                        for -a
-- __concat(a, b)                  for a .. b
-- __len(a)                        for #a
-- __eq(a, b)                      for a == b
-- __lt(a, b)                      for a < b
-- __le(a, b)                      for a <= b
-- __index(a, b)  <fn or a table>  for a.b
-- __newindex(a, b, c)             for a.b = c
-- __call(a, ...)                  for a(...)

像类一样的table和继承

Dog = {}
function Dog:new()
    newObj = {sound  =  'woof'}
    self.__index = self
    return setmetatable(newObj, self)
end

function Dog:makeSound()
    print('I say' .. self.sound)
end

mrDog = Dog:new()
mrDog:makeSound() -- 'Print I say woof' 
-- mrDog.makeSound(self)

-- 这里的Dog看起来像一个类，实际上是一个table，

继承：继承了所有的变量和函数

LoudDog = Dog:new()
function LoudDog:makeSound()
    s = self.sound .. ' '
    print(s .. s .. s)
end

seymour = LoudDog:new()
seymour:makeSound() -- 'woof woof woof'

-- 以下的子类和基类一样
function LoudDog:new()
    newObj = {}
    self.__index = self
    return setmetatable(newObj, self)
end

模块化

写一个文件叫做： mod.lua

local M = {}

local