Continual Learning of Large Language Models: A Comprehensive Survey

本文是LLM系列文章,针对《Continual Learning of Large Language Models: A Comprehensive Survey》的翻译。

摘要

有效和高效地将静态预训练的大型语言模型(LLM)适应不断发展的数据分布的挑战仍然是主要的。当为特定需求量身定制时,经过预训练的LLM在先前的知识领域中经常会出现明显的性能下降,这种现象被称为“灾难性遗忘”。尽管在持续学习(CL)领域进行了广泛的研究,但这个问题在LLMs领域呈现出新的表现形式。在本次调查中,我们全面概述并详细讨论了CL背景下LLMs的当前研究进展。除了介绍初步知识外,本次调查还分为四个主要部分:我们首先描述了持续学习LLMs的概述,包括两个方向的连续性:垂直连续性(或垂直持续学习),即从一般能力到特定能力的持续适应,以及水平连续性(或称水平持续学习)(即跨时间和领域的持续适应)(第3节)。遵循垂直连续性,我们总结了现代CL背景下学习LLM的三个阶段:连续预训练(CPT)、领域自适应预训练(DAP)和连续微调(CFT)(第4节)。然后,我们概述了LLM持续学习的评估协议,以及当前可用的数据源(第5节)。最后,我们讨论了与LLM持续学习有关的有趣问题(第6节)。这项调查揭示了持续预训练、适应和微调大型语言模型这一研究相对不足的领域,表明社区有必要给予更多关注。需要立即关注的关键领域包括制定实用和可访问的评估基准,以及专门设计的方法,以对抗遗忘,并在不断发展的LLM学习

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Continual learning through synaptic intelligence is a form of machine learning that mimics the way the human brain learns and adapts to new information. It involves the creation of artificial neural networks that are capable of learning from new data without forgetting previously learned knowledge. In traditional machine learning, a model is trained on a fixed dataset, and once training is complete, the model is deployed and cannot be updated or improved without retraining on a new dataset. This approach is not suitable for applications where new data is constantly being generated or where the model needs to adapt to changing conditions. Continual learning through synaptic intelligence addresses this limitation by allowing models to learn incrementally from new data, while retaining previously learned knowledge. This is achieved through the use of dynamic synapses that can adapt and change in response to new input. In a continual learning system, the model is trained on a small initial dataset, and as new data becomes available, the model updates its synapses to incorporate this information. The synapses are designed to be flexible and adaptive, allowing the model to learn new concepts and patterns without overwriting previously learned knowledge. One of the key benefits of continual learning through synaptic intelligence is that it can improve the overall accuracy and robustness of machine learning models over time. By continually updating and refining the model based on new data, the model can adapt to changes in the environment or user behavior, leading to better performance and more accurate predictions. Overall, continual learning through synaptic intelligence is an exciting area of research that has the potential to revolutionize the field of machine learning by enabling models to learn and adapt in a more human-like way.

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