dotnet core webapi 实现异常处理中间件-CSDN博客

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/cangqiongxiaoye/article/details/147357123

第一步：创建异常处理中间件类（自定义响应格式）

public static class ExceptionMiddlewareExtensions
{
    public static void ConfigureExceptionHandler(this IApplicationBuilder app, ILogger logger)
    {
        app.UseExceptionHandler(appError =>
        {
            appError.Run(async context =>
            {
                context.Response.StatusCode = StatusCodes.Status500InternalServerError;
                context.Response.ContentType = "application/json";

                var contextFeature = context.Features.Get<IExceptionHandlerFeature>();
                if (contextFeature != null)
                {
                    logger.LogError($"Something went wrong: {contextFeature.Error}");

                    await context.Response.WriteAsync(new
                    {
                        StatusCode = context.Response.StatusCode,
                        Message = "Internal Server Error. Please try again later.",
                        Detailed = contextFeature.Error.Message // 可以移除或改为只在开发模式返回
                    }.ToStringJson());
                }
            });
        });
    }

    private static string ToStringJson(this object obj)
    {
        return System.Text.Json.JsonSerializer.Serialize(obj);
    }
}

第二步：在 `Program.cs` 中使用中间件

var builder = WebApplication.CreateBuilder(args);

// 日志支持
var logger = LoggerFactory.Create(config => config.AddConsole()).CreateLogger("GlobalExceptionHandler");

var app = builder.Build();

// 注册全局异常处理中间件
app.ConfigureExceptionHandler(logger);

// 其他中间件（如路由、授权等）
app.UseHttpsRedirection();
app.UseAuthorization();
app.MapControllers();

app.Run();

三、效果

当你的接口中出现未捕获的异常（例如空引用、除零等）时，将统一返回如下格式的响应：

{
  "StatusCode": 500,
  "Message": "Internal Server Error. Please try again later.",
  "Detailed": "Object reference not set to an instance of an object."
}

你可以根据需要隐藏 Detailed 字段，或者根据环境自动判断是否返回详细信息（例如仅开发环境）。