Selenium Python教程第7章：Selenium编程其它功能

__弯弓__

已于 2023-06-29 17:44:19 修改

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文章标签： selenium python 测试工具爬虫

于 2023-06-14 08:59:44 首次发布

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本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/captain5339/article/details/131199723

版权

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7. Selenium其它功能

7.1 Action Chains 动作链功能

WebDriver只能模拟针对特定元素的click, send_keys 操作，无法执行鼠标移动、悬浮、按键，选择菜单等操作，需要通过 Action Chains 类来操作
如下面操作，打开主菜单项后，再点击弹出的子菜单项

menu = driver.find_element_by_css_selector(".nav")
hidden_submenu = driver.find_element_by_css_selector(".nav # submenu1")
ActionChains(driver).move_to_element(menu).click(hidden_submenu).perform()

也可以将多个动作排队，最后再执行

menu = driver.find_element_by_css_selector(".nav")
hidden_submenu = driver.find_element_by_css_selector(".nav # submenu1")
  
actions = ActionChains(driver)
actions.move_to_element(menu)
actions.click(hidden_submenu)
actions.perform()

Selenium Python动作链支持的操作
可以使用动作链执行大量操作，例如单击，右键单击等。以下是动作链中使用的重要方法的列表

Method	Description
click	Clicks an element.
click_and_hold	Holds down the left mouse button on an element.
context_click	Performs a context-click (right click) on an element.
double_click	Double-clicks an element.
drag_and_drop	Holds down the left mouse button on the source element, then moves to the target element and releases the mouse button.
drag_and_drop_by_offset	Holds down the left mouse button on the source element, then moves to the target offset and releases the mouse button.
key_down	Sends a key press only, without releasing it.
key_up	Releases a modifier key.
move_by_offset	Moving the mouse to an offset from current mouse position.
move_to_element	Moving the mouse to the middle of an element.
move_to_element_with_offset	Move the mouse by an offset of the specified element, Offsets are relative to the top-left corner of the element.
perform	Performs all stored actions.
pause	Pause all inputs for the specified duration in seconds
release	Releasing a held mouse button on an element.
reset_actions	Clears actions that are already stored locally and on the remote end
send_keys	Sends keys to current focused element.

7.2 Alert 告警提示窗口相关操作

Selenium中的告警窗是一个小消息框，出现在屏幕上，为用户提供一些信息或通知。它通知用户一些特定信息或错误，请求执行某些任务的权限，还提供警告消息。

Alert 告警窗口的类型

1）简单告警窗
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主要用于显示一些信息

2）输入型提示窗
此类告警空会询问用户的一些输入，Selenium 网络驱动程序可以使用 sendkeys（“ input…").
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3) 确认窗口
提供几个操作选项，供用户选择

编程步骤
1）每当触发警报时，网页上都会出现一个弹出窗口。控件仅保留在父网页中。因此，Selenium Webdriver 的第一个任务是将焦点从父页面切换到警报弹出窗口。可以使用以下代码片段完成此操作。

alert_obj = driver.switch_to.alert

2 ) 控件移动到弹出窗口后，我们可以使用推荐的方法对其执行不同的操作。
alert_obj.accept() – 用于接受提示窗口
alert_obj.dismiss() – 用于取消提示窗口
alert.send_keys() – 向提示窗口文本输入框输入内容
alert.text() – 获取提示信息

处理简单告警窗口

简单告警窗上有一条消息和一个“确定”按钮。当它弹出时，用户单击“确定”按钮接受它。

这是HTML代码，它将在单击主页上的“创建告警”按钮时生成简单告警
Simple_Alert.html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body bgcolor="#C0C0C0">
<h1>
Simple Alert Demonstration</h1>
<p>
click the Below Button to create an Alert</p>
<button onclick="alertFunction()" name ="alert"> Create Alert</button>
<script>
function alertFunction() {
 alert("Hi!, I am a Simple Alert. Please Click on the 'OK' Button.");
}
</script>
</body>
</html>

下面是selenium处理代码

from selenium import webdriver
import time

driver = webdriver.Firefox()
driver.maximize_window()
location = "file://<Specify Path to Simple_Alert.HTML>"
driver.get(location)

#Click on the "Alert" button to generate the Simple ert
button = driver.find_element_by_name('alert')
button.click()

#Switch the control to the Alert window
obj = driver.switch_to.alert

#Retrieve the message on the Alert window
msg=obj.text
print ("Alert shows following message: "+ msg )

time.sleep(2)

#use the accept() method to accept the alert
obj.accept()

print(" Clicked on the OK Button in the Alert Window")

driver.close

处理输入提示框

如下提示框：
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selenium代码如下：


from selenium import webdriver
import time

driver = webdriver.Firefox()
driver.maximize_window()
location = "file://<Specify Path to Prompt_Alert.HTML>"
driver.get(location)

#Click on the "employeeLogin" button to generate the Prompt Alert
button = driver.find_element_by_name('continue')
button.click()

#Switch the control to the Alert window
obj = driver.switch_to.alert

time.sleep(2)

#Enter text into the Alert using send_keys()
obj.send_keys('Meenakshi')

time.sleep(2)

#use the accept() method to accept the alert
obj.accept()

#Retrieve the message on the Alert window
message=obj.text
print ("Alert shows following message: "+ message )

time.sleep(2)

obj.accept()

#get the text returned when OK Button is clicked.
txt = driver.find_element_by_id('msg')
print(txt.text)

driver.close