Total Float vs. Free Float

 

投入水平（ LOE ）： 不容易用明显的成就来衡量的辅助性工作（例如同供应商或顾客的联系）。这类工作的特征是：在辅助活动确定的时间期限内，活动具有统一速率。

 

Total Float(TF) :

The total amount of time that a schedule activity may be delayed from its early start date without delaying the project finish date, or violating a schedule constraint. Calculated using the critical path method technique and determining the difference between the early finish dates and late finish dates.

 

Free Float(FF)

The amount of time that a schedule activity can be delayed without delaying the early start of any immediately following schedule activities.

 

 

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Late Finish - Duration = Late Start Late Start - Lag (if any) = Late Finish (preceding activity) TOTAL  FLOAT.—  Total float is the number of days an activity can be delayed without delaying the project completion date. Looking at activity 0311 in figure 2-31, you see that it could finish as early as day 10 or as late as day 12. The 2 days of leeway between day 10 and day 12 inactivity 0311 are called total float. To calculate the total float, you subtract the early finish date  from  the  late  finish  date  or  the  early  start  date from the late start date. The numbers will be the same. If not, you made a math error. Total Float = Late Start - Early Start (or Late Finish - Early Finish)

 

FREE FLOAT.— Free float is the number of days an activity can be delayed without taking float away from the next activity. Another way of saying the same thing is that free float is the number of days an activity can be delayed without delaying the early start date of the  next  activity.  To  calculate  the  free  float  for  an activity, you subtract any lagtime and the early finish for the activity from the early start for the next activity. To calculate the free float for activity 0311 in figure 2-31, you would take the early start for activity 0312, subtract any lagtime between 1020 and 1050 (zero in this  case),  and  subtract  the  early  finish  for  activity 0311 (11 - O - 10 = 1). Free float for activity 0311 is 1 day. You can see that delaying activity 0311 by1 day  will  not  delay  activity  0312  from  its  early  start date. Delaying activity 0311 by 2 days will delay the start of activity 0312 until day 12 and reduce the float for activity 0312 by 1 day (to zero, in this case). The delay of activity 0311 by more than 2 days will delay the project completion date because 0311 has only 2 days of total float. Free Float = Early Start (next activity) - Lagtime (if any) - Early Finish

 

 

CRITICAL PATH.—  Looking at activity 0311 in figure 2-31, you could start that activity as early as day 3 or as late as day 5. Now subtract 3 from 5 and enter 2 days as the total float. Where the early start and late start are the same, there is no float. “No float” means you have to start that activity on its early start date. It cannot   be   delayed   without   delaying   the   project completion  date.  Activities with no float are said to be critical .   The  first  and  last  activities  will  always  be critical, and there will be a critical path of activities between  them.  The  critical  path   in  figure  2-31,  is 0151-0211-0322-0331.   The   critical   path   allows management to focus attention on those activities that cannot slip

 

Advantages  of  Diagrams Precedence networks are easy to draw because all the activities can be placed on small cards, laid out on a flat surface, and easily manipulated until a logical sequence  is  achieved.  It  is  also  easy  to  show  the interrelationships   and   forward   progress   of   the activities.   Just   draw   connector   lines