Bebras挑战样题之二——小海狸建大坝

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与非学堂

专注青少年信息技术教育，探讨少儿编程的教与学，交流技巧、分享资源。

一、题目

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小海狸们准备在河上建一座大坝。为了尽可能少用木料，聪明的海狸们想到，可以充分利用河中的小岛。小岛分布如下图中的绿色部分，数字表示在当前位置修建一小段大坝所需使用的木料数量：

只要能用若干段大坝、小岛将两岸连接截流，整座大坝就建成了。

请问海狸们修建起整座大坝，最少需要多少木料？

A. 14

B. 15

C. 16

D. 17

二、原题

Beaver dam

(Age group: Cadets; Difficulty: medium)

The beaver community designs a new dam on the river. They want to use the least number of logs. They are smart, so they want to take advantage of the small islands in the river. The picture shows the river, the islands, and the number of logs needed to build each dam segment.

What is the least number of logs needed for the new dam?

1. 14 logs

2. 15 logs

3. 16 logs

4. 17 logs

It's Informatics

Computer scientists are lazy and smart, which is a great combination. They learn a bag of tricks, and whenever they encounter a problem, they try apply one of them. In this case, they would observe that building a dam across the river is the same thing as getting to the other side – with the least number of logs. In this way they transform a new problem (building dams) into a well-known one (finding the shortest path). The algorithm we used for solving it is called Dijkstra's algorithm, by its invention E. W. Dijkstra, who was one of the most influential computer scientists and a discoverer of many interesting algorithms. Does the task – and in particular the picture – look familiar? Two years ago, beavers were building bridges to all these islands. Despite the similarity, this is a completely different task. Computer scientists do not mind, though; they just put another trick from their huge bag.

 

该题答案请在公众号对话框中输入「0314」获取。

三、赛事介绍

Bebras国际计算性思维挑战活动

International Challenge on Informatics and Computational Thinking

Bebras是全球性的国际信息学与计算性思维主题活动，2004年由国际计算思维联盟发起，旨在培养青少年的计算性思维（Computational Thinking）。截止2021年4月，全球已有300万学生参与。

其题目有着浅显直白、简短易懂、贴近生活、生动有趣、富于启发意义、与具体编程环境无关等特点，是青少年训练、挑战计算性思维的绝佳示范。。

官网地址：https://www.bebras.org

相关链接：

Bebras国际计算思维挑战赛解析－学前级

Bebras国际计算思维挑战赛解析－小学低年级

Bebras国际计算思维挑战赛解析－小学高年级

Bebras国际计算思维挑战赛解析－小学高年级～给苹果树浇水

Bebras国际计算思维挑战赛解析－Cadets级－Cloud of Castoria

小海狸的洗衣房生意

— OVER —

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