嵌入式Linux驱动学习——按键定时器防抖

1 定时器

（1）全局变量
  jiffies：记录了系统启动以来，经过了多少tick，初始值为0。一个tick代表多长时间，在内核的CONFIG_HZ中定义。比如CONFIG_HZ=200，则一个jiffies对应5ms时间。
  HZ：系统定时器每秒产生中断的频率，/arch/arm/include/asm/param.h中定义。
（2）函数

//include/linux/timer.h
struct timer_list {
	struct list_head entry;
	unsigned long expires;   //定时器的定时值
	void (*function)(unsigned long);//超时处理函数
	unsigned long data;//传递给function的参数
	struct tvec_base *base;
};

void init_timer( struct timer_list *timer );//初始化
add_timer(struct timer_list*)               //添加定时器
mod_timer(struct timer_list *, unsigned long jiffier_timerout) //新的定时值
del_timer(struct timer_list*)               //删除定时器

2 程序

  驱动程序，在中断里，修改定时器，在定时器处理函数中，唤醒队列。

#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/fs.h>
#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/delay.h>
#include <linux/irq.h>
#include <asm/uaccess.h>
#include <asm/irq.h>
#include <asm/io.h>
#include <mach/regs-gpio.h>
#include <mach/hardware.h>
#include <linux/poll.h>
#include <linux/interrupt.h>
#include <linux/sched.h>
#include <linux/gpio.h>
#include <linux/device.h>

static struct class *buttons_class;
static struct class_device	*buttons_class_dev;
static struct fasync_struct  *button_async;

static DECLARE_WAIT_QUEUE_HEAD(button_waitq);

/* 中断事件标志, 中断服务程序将它置1，forth_drv_read将它清0 */
static volatile int ev_press = 0;

struct pin_desc{
	unsigned int pin;
	unsigned int key_val;
};

static struct timer_list buttons_timer;
static struct pin_desc *irq_dev_id;

/* 键值: 按下时, 0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04 */
/* 键值: 松开时, 0x81, 0x82, 0x83, 0x84 */
static unsigned char key_val;

/*
 * K1,K2,K3,K4对应GPG0，GPG3，GPG5，GPG6
 */

struct pin_desc pins_desc[4] = {
	{S3C2410_GPG(0), 0x01},
	{S3C2410_GPG(3), 0x02},
	{S3C2410_GPG(5), 0x03},
	{S3C2410_GPG(6), 0x04},
};


/*
  * 确定按键值
  */
static irqreturn_t buttons_irq(int irq, void *dev_id)
{
	irq_dev_id = (struct pin_desc *)dev_id;
	mod_timer(&buttons_timer, jiffies+HZ/100);
	
	return IRQ_RETVAL(IRQ_HANDLED);
}

static int buttons_drv_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
{
	/* GPG0，GPG3，GPG5，GPG6为中断引脚: EINT8,EINT11,EINT13,EINT14 */
	request_irq(IRQ_EINT8,  buttons_irq, IRQF_TRIGGER_FALLING | IRQF_TRIGGER_RISING, "K1", &pins_desc[0]);
	request_irq(IRQ_EINT11, buttons_irq, IRQF_TRIGGER_FALLING | IRQF_TRIGGER_RISING, "K2", &pins_desc[1]);
	request_irq(IRQ_EINT13, buttons_irq, IRQF_TRIGGER_FALLING | IRQF_TRIGGER_RISING, "K3", &pins_desc[2]);
	request_irq(IRQ_EINT14, buttons_irq, IRQF_TRIGGER_FALLING | IRQF_TRIGGER_RISING, "K4", &pins_desc[3]);	

	return 0;
}

ssize_t buttons_drv_read(struct file *file, char __user *buf, size_t size, loff_t *ppos)
{
	if (size != 1)
		return -EINVAL;

	/* 如果没有按键动作, 休眠 */
	wait_event_interruptible(button_waitq, ev_press);

	/* 如果有按键动作, 返回键值 */
	copy_to_user(buf, &key_val, 1);
	ev_press = 0;
	
	return 1;
}


int buttons_drv_close(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
{
	free_irq(IRQ_EINT8,  &pins_desc[0]);
	free_irq(IRQ_EINT11, &pins_desc[1]);
	free_irq(IRQ_EINT13, &pins_desc[2]);
	free_irq(IRQ_EINT14, &pins_desc[3]);
	return 0;
}

static unsigned buttons_drv_poll(struct file *file, poll_table *wait)
{
	unsigned int mask = 0;
	poll_wait(file, &button_waitq, wait); // 不会立即休眠

	if (ev_press)
		mask |= POLLIN | POLLRDNORM;

	return mask;
}


static int buttons_fasync(int fd, struct file *file, int on)
{
	return fasync_helper(fd, file, on, &button_async);
}

static struct file_operations buttons_drv_fops = {
    .owner   =  THIS_MODULE,    /* 这是一个宏，推向编译模块时自动创建的__this_module变量 */
    .open    =  buttons_drv_open,     
	.read	 =	buttons_drv_read,	   
	.release =  buttons_drv_close,
	.poll    =  buttons_drv_poll,
	.fasync = buttons_fasync,
};

static void buttons_timer_fun(long data)
{
	unsigned int pinval;
	if (!irq_dev_id) 
	{
		return;
	}
	
	pinval = s3c2410_gpio_getpin(irq_dev_id->pin);

	if (pinval)
	{
		/* 松开 */
		key_val = 0x80 | irq_dev_id->key_val;
	}
	else
	{
		/* 按下 */
		key_val = irq_dev_id->key_val;
	}

    ev_press = 1;                  /* 表示中断发生了 */
    wake_up_interruptible(&button_waitq);   /* 唤醒休眠的进程 */
	kill_fasync(&button_async, SIGIO, POLL_IN);
}

int major;
static int buttons_drv_init(void)
{
	init_timer(&buttons_timer);
	buttons_timer.function = buttons_timer_fun;
	add_timer(&buttons_timer);

	major = register_chrdev(0, "forth_drv", &buttons_drv_fops);
	buttons_class = class_create(THIS_MODULE, "buttons_drv");
	buttons_class_dev = device_create(buttons_class, NULL, MKDEV(major, 0), NULL, "buttons"); /* /dev/buttons */

	return 0;
}

static void buttons_drv_exit(void)
{
	del_timer(&buttons_timer);
	unregister_chrdev(major, "buttons_drv");
	device_unregister(buttons_class_dev);
	class_destroy(buttons_class);
	return 0;
}


module_init(buttons_drv_init);
module_exit(buttons_drv_exit);
MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");