Java 线程基础实战

一 Java 线程状态

1 图解

2 代码

package com.mashibing.juc.c_000;

// 线程的状态
public class T04_ThreadState {
    static class MyThread extends Thread {
        @Override
        public void run() {
            System.out.println(this.getState());
            for(int i=0; i<10; i++) {
                try {
                    Thread.sleep(500);
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
                System.out.println(i);
            }
        }
    }


    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Thread t = new MyThread();
        System.out.println(t.getState());
        t.start();
        try {
            t.join();
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        System.out.println(t.getState());
    }
}

3 测试

NEW
RUNNABLE
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
TERMINATED

二 方法调用和启动线程区别

1 代码

package com.mashibing.juc.c_000;

import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

public class T01_WhatIsThread {
    private static class T1 extends Thread {
        @Override
        public void run() {
            for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
                try {
                    TimeUnit.MICROSECONDS.sleep(1);
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
                System.out.println("T1");
            }
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // new T1().run(); // 方法调用
        new T1().start(); // 启动一个新线程
        for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
            try {
                TimeUnit.MICROSECONDS.sleep(1);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            System.out.println("main");
        }
    }
}

2 方法调用测试

T1
T1
T1
T1
T1
T1
T1
T1
T1
T1
main
main
main
main
main
main
main
main
main
main

3 启动线程测试

T1
main
T1
main
T1
main
T1
main
T1
main
T1
main
T1
main
main
T1
T1
main
main
T1

三 创建和启动线程

1 代码

package com.mashibing.juc.c_000;

// 创建和启动线程
public class T02_HowToCreateThread {
    static class MyThread extends Thread {
        @Override
        public void run() {
            System.out.println("Hello MyThread!");
        }
    }


    static class MyRun implements Runnable {
        @Override
        public void run() {
            System.out.println("Hello MyRun!");
        }
    }


    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new MyThread().start(); // 通过继承 Thread 创建和启动线程
        new Thread(new MyRun()).start(); // 通过实现 Runnable 创建和启动线程
        new Thread(() -> {
            System.out.println("Hello Lambda!");
        }).start(); // 通过 Lambda 表达式创建和启动线程，它实际是第2种的变形
    }
}
// 启动线程的三种方式
// 1：Thread
// 2：Runnable
// 3：Executors.newCachedThread 通过线程池启动线程

2 测试

Hello MyThread!
Hello MyRun!
Hello Lambda!

四 线程的几个常用方法

1 点睛

sleep：当前线程睡眠一段时间，让给其他线程去执行。

yield：当前线程非常谦让地退出一下，进入到就绪状态，随时可能再次运行。

join：比如在t2线程中，调用t1.join。它的意思是，让t1线程先运行完，然后继续执行t2线程。它的应用场景：等待另外一个线程的结束。

2 代码

package com.mashibing.juc.c_000;

// 测试线程的几个常用方法
public class T03_Sleep_Yield_Join {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        testSleep();
        //testYield();
        //testJoin();
    }

    static void testSleep() {
        new Thread(() -> {
            for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
                System.out.println("A" + i);
                try {
                    Thread.sleep(500);
                    //TimeUnit.Milliseconds.sleep(500)
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }).start();
    }

    static void testYield() {
        new Thread(() -> {
            for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
                System.out.println("A" + i);
                if (i % 2 == 0) Thread.yield();
            }
        }).start();


        new Thread(() -> {
            for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
                System.out.println("------------B" + i);
                if (i % 2 == 0) Thread.yield();
            }
        }).start();
    }

    static void testJoin() {
        Thread t1 = new Thread(() -> {
            for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
                System.out.println("A" + i);
                try {
                    Thread.sleep(500);
                    //TimeUnit.Milliseconds.sleep(500)
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        });

        Thread t2 = new Thread(() -> {
            try {
                t1.join();
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }


            for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
                System.out.println("B" + i);
                try {
                    Thread.sleep(500);
                    //TimeUnit.Milliseconds.sleep(500)
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        });
        t1.start();
        t2.start();
    }
}

3 测试

a sleep 测试结果

A0

A1

A2

A3

A4

A5

A6

A7

A8

A9

b yield 测试结果

A0

A1

A2

A3

A4

------------B0

A5

A6

A7

A8

A9

------------B1

------------B2

------------B3

------------B4

------------B5

------------B6

------------B7

------------B8

------------B9

c join 测试结果

A0

A1

A2

A3

A4

A5

A6

A7

A8

A9

B0

B1

B2

B3

B4

B5

B6

B7

B8

B9