PASCAL Visual Object Classes Challenge 2007 (VOC2007) 图像标注指南 / 标注规则

PASCAL Visual Object Classes Challenge 2007 (VOC2007) Annotation Guidelines

http://host.robots.ox.ac.uk/pascal/VOC/voc2007/guidelines.html

This document reproduces the guidelines used for annotating images in the VOC2007 data set.

reproduce [ˌriːprəˈdjuːs]:vt. 复制,再生,生殖,使...在脑海中重现 vi. 复制,繁殖

1. Guidelines on what and how to label

1.1 What to label
All objects of the defined categories, unless:

  • you are unsure what the object is.
  • the object is very small (at your discretion).
  • less than 10-20% of the object is visible.

If this is not possible because too many objects, mark image as bad.
如果图片内物体过多导致无法标注,标记为 bad。

discretion [dɪˈskreʃn]:n. 自由裁量权,谨慎,判断力,判定,考虑周到
tyre [ˈtaɪə(r)]:n. 轮胎,轮箍 v. 装轮胎于...
feet [fiːt]:n. 脚 (foot 的复数形式),尺,韵脚
category [ˈkætəɡəri]:n. 种类,分类,范畴

1.2 Viewpoint
Record the viewpoint of the ‘bulk’ of the object e.g. the body rather than the head. Allow viewpoints within 10-20 degrees.
If ambiguous, leave as ‘Unspecified’.
图片中物体相对 camera 的角度,理论上有用,但实际上物体也会自己形变转动,感觉意义有限。

upside-down ['ʌp,saɪd'daʊn]:颠倒的,乱七八糟的
ambiguous [æmˈbɪɡjuəs]:adj. 模糊不清的,模棱两可的,不明确的,不明朗的,引起歧义的
bulk [bʌlk]:n. 体积,容量,大多数,大部分,大块 vt. 使扩大,使形成大量,使显得重要
head [hed]:n. 头,头痛,上端,最前的部分,理解力 vt. 前进,用头顶,作为...的首领,站在...的前头,给...加标题 vi. 出发,成头状物,船驶往 adj. 头的,主要的,在顶端的
unspecified [ʌnˈspesɪfaɪd]:adj. 未指明的,未详细说明的
degree [dɪˈɡriː]:n. 程度,等级,度,学位,阶层

1.3 Bounding box
Mark the bounding box of the visible area of the object (not the estimated total extent of the object).
Bounding box should contain all visible pixels, except where the bounding box would have to be made excessively large to include a few additional pixels (< 5%) e.g. a car aerial.
检测框需要包含物体全部像素,除非物体有过于细长伸出的臂 (伸出部分占像素 < 5%)。

extent [ɪkˈstent]:n. 程度,范围,长度
excessively [ɪkˈsesɪvli]:adv. 过分地,极度
aerial [ˈeəriəl]:adj. 空中的,航空的,空气的,空想的

1.4 Occlusion / truncation
堵塞 / 截断
If more than 15-20% of the object is occluded and lies outside the bounding box, mark as ‘Truncated’.
Do not mark as truncated if the occluded area lies within the bounding box.
如果物体超过 15-20% 的区域都不在标注框内,则备注为 Truncated.

truncation [trʌŋˈkeɪʃn]:n. 截断,切掉顶端
truncate [trʌŋˈkeɪt]:v. 截断,删节,把...截成平面 adj. (羽毛等) 截形的,截短的
occlude [ə'kluːd]:v. 使闭塞,堵塞

1.5 Image quality / illumination
Images which are poor quality (e.g. excessive motion blur) should be marked bad. However, poor illumination (e.g. objects in silhouette) should not count as poor quality unless objects cannot be recognised.
对于图片质量差,比如过多运动模糊,过强光照,除了滤除坏样本,还可以考虑识别出场景,比如夜晚,或者强阳光情况。

Images made up of multiple images (e.g. collages).

silhouette [ˌsɪluˈet]:n. 轮廓,剪影 vt. 使...照出影子来,使...仅仅显出轮廓
collage [ˈkɒlɑːʒ]:n. 抽象拚贴画 (用报纸、布、压平的花等碎片拼合而成的) vt. 把...创作成拼贴画,拼贴
illumination [ɪˌluːmɪˈneɪʃn]:n. 照明,照度,启发,灯饰,阐明
recognise ['rekəɡnaɪz]:vt. 认出,承认,认可,识别

1.6 Clothing / mud / snow etc.
If an object is ‘occluded’ by a close-fitting occluder e.g. clothing, mud, snow etc., then the occluder should be treated as part of the object.
如果是物体被衣服,泥或雪这种可穿着的物体部分遮盖,则不算 occluded.

mud [mʌd]:泥,诽谤的话,无价值的东西
close-fitting [ˌkloʊs ˈfɪtɪŋ]:adj. 贴身的,紧身的
occluder:n. 遮光板,咬合器

1.7 Transparency
透明
Do label objects visible through glass, but treat reflections on the glass as occlusion.
标记通过玻璃可见的物体,但将玻璃上的反射视为遮挡。

transparency [trænsˈpærənsi]:n. 透明,透明度,幻灯片,有图案的玻璃
occlusion [ə'klu:ʒn]:n. 闭塞,咬合,锢囚锋,全闭合音

1.8 Mirrors
镜子
Do label objects in mirrors.

mirror [ˈmɪrə(r)]:n. 镜子,真实的写照,榜样 vt. 反射,反映

1.9 Pictures
图片
Label objects in pictures / posters / signs only if they are photorealistic but not if cartoons, symbols etc.

poster [ˈpəʊstə(r)]:n. 海报,广告,招贴
sign [saɪn] :n. 迹象,符号,记号,手势,指示牌 vi. 签署,签名 vt. 签署,示意
photorealistic:adj. 照相写实主义的,超级现实主义的
cartoon [kɑːˈtuːn]:n. 卡通片,动画片,连环漫画 vt. 为...画漫画 vi. 画漫画
symbol [ˈsɪmbl]:n. 象征,符号,标志

2. Guidelines on categorisation

分类

categorisation [,kætɪɡərɪ'zeʃən]:分类  (categorise 的变体),范畴化 (categorise 的变体)

Aeroplane
Includes gliders but not hang gliders

glider [ˈɡlaɪdə(r)]:n. 滑翔机,滑翔员,滑翔导弹
hang [hæŋ]:vt. 悬挂,垂下,装饰,绞死,使悬而未决 vi. 悬着,垂下,被绞死,悬而不决 n. 悬挂,暂停,中止
hang glider:悬挂式滑翔机,滑翔风筝
helicopter ['helɪkɒptə]:直升飞机

Bicycle
Includes tricycles, unicycles

tricycle [‘traɪsɪk(ə)l]:三轮车 
unicycle [‘ju:nisaikl]:独轮脚踏车

Boat
Ships, rowing boats, pedaloes but not jet skis

jet ski:摩托艇 
pedalo [‘pedələʊ]:脚踏船
rowing boat:划艇,小划子,游艇
row [rəʊ]:n. 行,排,划船,街道,吵闹 vt. 划船,使...成排 vi. 划船,争吵
jet [dʒet]:n. 喷射,喷嘴,喷气式飞机,黑玉 adj. 墨黑的 vt. 射出 vi. 射出,乘喷气式飞机
ski [skiː]:n. 滑雪橇 vi. 滑雪 adj. 滑雪 (用) 的

Bottle
Plastic, glass or feeding bottles

feeding bottle:奶瓶,哺乳瓶
bottle [ˈbɒtl]:n. 瓶子,一瓶的容量 vt. 控制,把...装入瓶中 vi. (街头艺人演出后) 收拢钱币
plastic [ˈplæstɪk]:n. 塑料,塑料学,(非正式) 信用卡 adj. 塑料制的,人造的,不自然的,(物质、材料) 可塑的,产生立体感的,塑性的,有创造力的,适应环境变化的

Bus
Includes minibus

Car
Includes cars, vans, people carriers etc.
Do not label where only the vehicle interior is shown.

tram [træm]:n. 电车轨道,煤车 vt. 用煤车运载 vi. 乘电车
vehicle interior:汽车内饰
go-cart ['ɡəukɑ:t]:早期的轻便马车,学走器,手推车,竞赛用的微型单座汽车
lorry ['lɒrɪ]:卡车,货车,运料车
emergency [ɪˈmɜːdʒənsi]:n. 紧急情况,突发事件,非常时刻 adj. 紧急的,备用的
exclude [ɪkˈskluːd]:vt. 排除,排斥,拒绝接纳,逐出
van [væn]:n. 先锋,厢式货车,增值网vt. 用车搬运
tractor [ˈtræktə(r)]:n. 拖拉机,牵引机
toy [tɔɪ]:n. 玩具,小装饰品,不值钱的东西 vi. 玩弄,调情,随随便便地对待 adj. 作为玩具的,玩物似的

Cat
Domestic cats (not lions etc.)

domestic cat:家猫

Chair
Includes armchairs, but not stools or benches

stool [stuːl]:凳子,粪便,厕所
wheelchair ['wiːltʃeə]:轮椅
domestic [də'mestɪk]:n. 佣人,家佣,家庭纠纷,家庭矛盾 adj.本国的,国内的,家用的,家庭的
lion [ˈlaɪən]:n. 狮子,名人,勇猛的人,社交场合的名流
armchair [ˈɑːmtʃeə(r)]:n. 扶手椅,单人沙发 adj. 不切实际的
deckchair [ˈdektʃer]:n. 帆布躺椅
stool [stuːl]:n. 凳子,粪便,厕所 vi. 长新枝,分檗 vt. 引诱,诱捕
bench [bentʃ]:n. 长凳,工作台,替补队员 vt. 给...以席位,为...设置条凳

Dining table
Excludes coffee table or picnic bench

dine [daɪn]:vt. 宴请 vi. 进餐,用餐
picnic [ˈpɪknɪk]:n. 野餐 vi. 去野餐

Dog
Domestic dogs (not wolves etc.)

wolf [wʊlf]:n. 狼,色狼,残忍贪婪之人 vt. 大吃,狼吞虎咽地吃

Horse
Includes ponies, donkeys, mules etc.

donkey [‘dɒŋkɪ]:驴子,傻瓜,顽固的人
pony [ˈpəʊni]:n. 矮种马,小型马 adj. 小型的,每日摘要的 vt. 付清 vi. 付清
mule [mjuːl]:n. 骡,倔强之人,顽固的人,杂交种动物
goat [ɡəʊt]:n. 山羊,替罪羊,色鬼
cow [kaʊ]:n. 奶牛,母牛,母兽 vt. 威胁,恐吓

Motorbike
Includes mopeds, scooters, sidecars

scooter ['skuːtə]:小轮摩托车,速可达,单脚滑行车,小孩滑板车
moped [ˈməʊped]:n. 助动车,机动脚踏两用车 v. 抑郁不乐,生闷气 (mope 的过去式和过去分词)
sidecar [ˈsaɪdkɑː(r)]:n. 轻快的双轮马车,跨斗

Potted plant
Indoor plants or outdoor plants clearly in a pot. Excludes flowers in vases

potted plant:盆栽植物
plant [plɑːnt]:n. 工厂,车间,植物,设备,庄稼 vt. 种植,培养,栽培,安置 vi. 种植
pot [pɒt]:n. 壶,盆,罐 vt. 把...装罐,射击,节略 vi. 随手射击
vase [vɑːz]:n. 瓶,花瓶

Sofa
Excludes sofas made up as sofabeds

Train
Includes train carriages, excludes trams

tram [træm]:电车轨道,煤车
carriage [ˈkærɪdʒ]:n. 运输,运费,四轮马车,举止,客车厢

TV/monitor
Standalone screens (not laptops), not advertising displays
TV/显示器:笔记本电脑不算,电子广告牌不算。

standalone ['stændə,ləʊn]:adj. 独立运行的,独立的 n. 脱机
laptop [ˈlæptɒp]:n. 膝上型轻便电脑,笔记本电脑
advertisement [ədˈvɜ:tɪsmənt]:n. 广告,宣传

3. Guidelines on segmentation

分割

3.1 What to segment
Objects whose bounding boxes have been labelled according to the above guidelines.
You may need to exclude backpacks, handbags etc. which were included in the bounding box.
分割画边界需要去除背包、手提包之类的身外物体,但不要漏掉椅子腿、手臂之类的这种长出去的部位。

backpack [ˈbækpæk]:n. 双肩背包,背包,远足用的背包 vt. 挑运,把...放入背包 vi. 背负简便行李旅行,挑运
segment [ˈseɡmənt]:n. 段,部分,(水果或花的) 瓣,(动物的) 节,弓形,音段,(广播或节目的) 时间段 v. 分割,(细胞) 分裂

3.2 Accuracy
Segment within 5 pixels. Labelled pixels MUST be the object;
pixels outside the 5-pixel border area MUST be background. Border pixels can be either. Use the tri-map displayed by the segmentation tool to ensure these constraints hold.
This may occasionally involve labelling pixels outside the bounding box.
分割描边精度有 5 个像素的自由度,保证外部的肯定是背景。

involve [ɪnˈvɒlv]:vt. 包含,牵涉,使陷于,潜心于

3.3 Mixed pixels
Pixels which are mixed e.g. due to transparency, motion blur or the presence of a border should be considered to belong to the object whose colour contributes most to the mix.
对混合的像素 (由于运动,透明性等),如果能确认属于物体,依旧要标注。

transparency [trænsˈpærənsi]:n. 透明,透明度,幻灯片,有图案的玻璃
border [ˈbɔːdə(r)]:n. 边境,边界,国界 vt. 接近,与...接壤,在...上镶边 vi. 接界,近似
presence [ˈprezns]:n. 存在,出席,参加,风度,仪态

3.4 Thin structures
Aim to capture thin structures where possible, within the accuracy constraints. Structures of around one pixel thickness can be ignored e.g. wires, rigging.

rigging:索具,绳索;装备,传动装置
whisker ['wɪskə]:晶须;胡须;腮须

3.5 Objects on tables etc.
If a number of small objects are occluding an object e.g. cutlery / silverware on a dining table, they can be considered part of that object.

cutlery ['kʌtlərɪ]:餐具,刀剑制造业
silverware ['sɪlvəweə]:银器,镀银餐具
candle ['kænd(ə)l]:蜡烛,烛光,烛形物
sticker [ˈstɪkə(r)]:n. 粘贴标签,张贴物,坚持不懈的人,尖刀,难题

3.6 Difficult images
Images which are overly difficult to segment to the required accuracy can be left unlabelled e.g. a nest of bicycles.
物体过于难标注,比如一堆自行车。

Wordbook

Visual Object Classes,VOC:视觉目标分类
Pattern Analysis, Statistical Modelling and Computational Learning,PASCAL

References

https://yongqiang.blog.csdn.net/
http://host.robots.ox.ac.uk/pascal/VOC/voc2007/guidelines.html

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