vector学习之创建，初始化，赋值操作operator=, assign, size, capacity

vector的创建和初始化有多种方式 ，不仅可以直接初始化，还可以使用其他容器进行初始化，也可以使用assign进行设置固定容量和值，下面来看下具体的代码：

#include <iostream>
#include <vector>

using namespace std;

void createVectorInit()
{
    //1.创建空vec1
    vector<int> vec1;
    cout << "vec1.isEmpty = " << vec1.empty() << " vec1.size = " << vec1.size() << " vec1.max_size = " << vec1.max_size()<< endl;

    //2.创建vec2有2个元素，值为随机值
    vector<int> vec2(2);
    cout << "vec2.isEmpty = " << vec2.empty() << " vec2.size = " << vec2.size() << " vec2.max_size = " << vec2.max_size()<< endl;
    cout << "vec2的值为：" << endl;
    for(auto &val: vec2)
    {
        cout << val << "\t";
    }
    cout << endl;

    //3.创建vec3有3个元素，分别为23， 56， 18
    vector<int> vec3 = {23, 56, 18};
    cout << "vec3.isEmpty = " << vec3.empty() << " vec3.size = " << vec3.size() << " vec3.max_size = " << vec3.max_size()<< endl;
    cout << "vec3的值为：" << endl;
    for(auto &val: vec3)
    {
        cout << val << "\t";
    }
    cout << endl;

    //4.创建vec4,用vec3赋值
    vector<int> vec4 = vec3;
    //vector<int> vec4(vec3);//这两种方法都可以
    cout << "vec4.isEmpty = " << vec4.empty() << " vec4.size = " << vec4.size() << " vec4.max_size = " << vec4.max_size()<< endl;
    cout << "vec4的值为：" << endl;
    for(auto &val: vec4)
    {
        cout << val << "\t";
    }
    cout << endl;

    //5.创建vec5用assign进行赋值
    vector<int> vec5;
    vec5.assign({35, 62, 71, 19});
    cout << "vec5的值为：" << endl;
    for(auto &val: vec5)
    {
        cout << val << "\t";
    }
    cout << endl;
    //6.创建vec6用vec4进行初始化
    vector<int> vec6(vec4.begin(), vec4.end());
    cout << "vec6的值为：" << endl;
    for(auto &val: vec6)
    {
        cout << val << "\t";
    }
    cout << endl;
    cout << "vec6.size = " << vec6.size() << " vec6.capacity = " << vec6.capacity() << endl;
    //7.创建vec7用assign设定容器大小和初始值
    vector<int> vec7;
    vec7.assign(5, 67);//vec7有5个元素，每个元素为67
    cout << "vec7的值为：" << endl;
    for(auto &val: vec7)
    {
        cout << val << "\t";
    }
    cout << endl;
    cout << "vec7.size = " << vec7.size() << " vec7.capacity = " << vec7.capacity() << endl;
}

int main()
{
    createVectorInit();
    cout << endl;
    cout << "Hello World!" << endl;
    return 0;
}