通过异步通知读取按键值
阻塞型和非阻塞型组合以及select和poll方法可以有效地查询设备,但是在有的时候效率就不高了。
假设一个进程在低优先级执行很长的计算,但又需要尽快地处理输入数据。可以让程序周期性地调用poll方法,但是在很多场景下还有更好的办法。通过使用异步通知,进程可以在数据有效时收到一个信号,而不需要不停地使用poll来关注数据。
为了可以使用异步通知,需要在驱动的file_operations添加fasync函数。当一个打开文件的FASYNC标志修改时,fasync函数会被调用。
示例中在fasync函数里调用fasync_helper将在相关进程列表中增加或者删除文件。
数据到达时,使用kill_fasync通知相关进程
参考代码
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/major.h>
#include <linux/cdev.h>
#include <linux/device.h>
#include <linux/types.h>
#include <linux/fs.h>
#include <asm/uaccess.h>
#include <linux/io.h>
#include <linux/sched.h>
//#include <asm/irq.h>
#include <linux/gpio.h>
#include <linux/interrupt.h>
#include <linux/poll.h>
#define TAG "keyvol"
#define INT_GPIO 91
static int key_major;
static struct cdev key_cdev;
static struct class *key_class;
volatile unsigned long *tlmm_gpio_cfg;
volatile unsigned long *tlmm_in_out;
static int key_press = 0;
static int key_value = 0;
static int irq;
static struct fasync_struct *fasync;
static wait_queue_head_t kwait;
static irqreturn_t key_irq_thread(int irq, void *data)
{
int value;
printk(TAG" func:%s line:%d\n", __func__, __LINE__);
value = *tlmm_in_out;
value &= 0x1;
if (value ) {
key_value = 0;
} else {
key_value = 1;
}
wake_up_interruptible(&kwait);
kill_fasync(&fasync, SIGIO, POLL_IN);
key_press = 1;
return IRQ_HANDLED;
}
static ssize_t key_read(struct file *file, char __user *buffer,
size_t count, loff_t *ppos)
{
if(count != 1 )
return -EINVAL;
if((file->f_flags & O_NONBLOCK) && !key_press)
return -EAGAIN;
printk(TAG" func:%s line:%d\n", __func__, __LINE__);
if (!key_press) {
wait_event_interruptible(kwait, key_press);
}
if(key_press) {
if(!copy_to_user(buffer, &key_press, 1)) {
printk(TAG"%s key is press\n", __func__);
key_press = 0;
} else {
printk(TAG"%s copy to user error\n", __func__);
return -EFAULT;
}
}
return count;
}
ssize_t key_write(struct file *file, const char __user *buf, size_t count, loff_t *ppos)
{
printk(TAG" func:%s line:%d\n", __func__, __LINE__);
return count;
}
static int key_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
{
int ret;
printk(TAG" func:%s line:%d\n", __func__, __LINE__);
irq = gpio_to_irq(INT_GPIO);
printk(TAG"%s irq is %d\n", __func__, irq);
ret = request_threaded_irq(irq, NULL, key_irq_thread, IRQF_TRIGGER_FALLING | IRQF_TRIGGER_RISING | IRQF_ONESHOT, "vol_key", NULL);
printk(TAG"%s ret is %d\n", __func__, ret);
return ret;
}
static unsigned int key_poll(struct file *file, poll_table *wait)
{
unsigned int mask;
printk(TAG" func:%s line:%d\n", __func__, __LINE__);
poll_wait(file, &kwait, wait);
if (key_press) {
mask |= POLLIN | POLLRDNORM;
}
return mask;
}
static int key_fasync(int fd, struct file *file, int on)
{
printk(TAG" func:%s line:%d\n", __func__, __LINE__);
return fasync_helper(fd, file, on, &fasync);
}
static int key_release(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
{
printk(TAG" func:%s line:%d\n", __func__, __LINE__);
free_irq(irq, NULL);
return 0;
}
static const struct file_operations key_ops = {
.owner = THIS_MODULE,
.read = key_read,
.write = key_write,
.open = key_open,
.poll = key_poll,
.fasync = key_fasync,
.release = key_release,
};
static int my_key_init(void)
{
int retval;
dev_t dev_id;
printk(TAG" func:%s line:%d\n", __func__, __LINE__);
retval = alloc_chrdev_region(&dev_id, 0, 1, "key"); //0,1
key_major = MAJOR(dev_id);
printk(TAG"major is %d\n", key_major);
if (retval < 0) {
printk(TAG"can't get major number\n");
goto error;
}
cdev_init(&key_cdev, &key_ops);
retval = cdev_add(&key_cdev, dev_id, 1); //1
if (retval < 0) {
printk(TAG"cannot add cdev\n");
goto cleanup_alloc_chrdev_region;
}
key_class = class_create(THIS_MODULE, "key");
if (IS_ERR(key_class)) {
printk(TAG "Error creating key class.\n");
cdev_del(&key_cdev);
retval = PTR_ERR(key_class);
goto cleanup_alloc_chrdev_region;
}
device_create(key_class, NULL, MKDEV(key_major, 0), NULL, "keyvol");
tlmm_gpio_cfg = (volatile unsigned long *)ioremap(0x105B000, 8);
tlmm_in_out = tlmm_gpio_cfg + 1;
*tlmm_gpio_cfg |= 0x3;
init_waitqueue_head(&kwait);
return 0;
cleanup_alloc_chrdev_region:
unregister_chrdev_region(dev_id, 0);
error:
return retval;
}
static void key_exit(void)
{
dev_t dev_id = MKDEV(key_major, 0);
iounmap(tlmm_gpio_cfg);
device_destroy(key_class, MKDEV(key_major, 0));
class_destroy(key_class);
cdev_del(&key_cdev);
unregister_chrdev_region(dev_id, 0);
printk(TAG" func:%s line:%d\n", __func__, __LINE__);
}
module_init(my_key_init);
module_exit(key_exit);
MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
测试程序编写
进程使用fcntl系统调用执行F_SETOWN命令,将进程的ID保存在filp->fowner里,目的是让内核知道该通知哪个进程,然后用fcntl设置FASYNC标志,通过F_SETFL来完成。
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <poll.h>
#include <signal.h>
static char key_val;
static int fd;
void catch_signal_fun(int signum)
{
unsigned char key_val;
read(fd, &key_val, 1);
printf("key_val: 0x%x, signum is %d\n", key_val, signum);
}
int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
int oflags;
if(argc != 2) {
printf("Usage: %s [node]\n", argv[0]);
exit(-1);
}
signal(SIGIO, catch_signal_fun);
fd = open(argv[1], O_RDWR | O_NONBLOCK);
if (fd < 0) {
printf("open %s failed\n", argv[1]);
exit(-1);
}
fcntl(fd, F_SETOWN, getpid());
oflags = fcntl(fd, F_GETFL);
fcntl(fd, F_SETFL, oflags | FASYNC);
while (1) {
sleep(10000);
}
close(fd);
return 0;
}
假如编译出的测试程序为testkey_sig,运行测试程序
./testkey_sig /dev/keyvol
按键按下和松开的时候都会打印出按键的值