python----笔记整理

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
"""
-------------------------------------------------
   File Name：     common_module.py
   Author :        LiSen
   Date：          2018/6/27 9:51:
-------------------------------------------------
"""

# 1.字典无序的问题。
'''
字典虽两个显著的缺点,其中之一就是无序，如何在构造字典的时候，让字典里面填入的内容有序呢，
一般的方法都是等字典的内容填充好了之后，用sorted排序，但是sorted,也并不能保证是按照添加的顺序进行迭代


from collections import OrderedDict
from string import ascii_uppercase

print ascii_uppercase      #ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ

print zip(ascii_uppercase,range(5))    #[('A', 0), ('B', 1), ('C', 2), ('D', 3), ('E', 4)]

print dict(zip(ascii_uppercase,range(5)))     #{'A': 0, 'C': 2, 'B': 1, 'E': 4, 'D': 3}   无序

a = OrderedDict(zip(ascii_uppercase,range(5)))    #OrderedDict([('A', 0), ('B', 1), ('C', 2), ('D', 3), ('E', 4)])
print a

'''

#2.字典无缺省值的问题
'''
from collections import defaultdict

student = defaultdict(lambda :60)
student['bob'] = 80
student['jon'] = 90

print student        #defaultdict(<function <lambda> at 0x000000000332FC18>, {'bob': 80, 'jon': 90})

print student['ll']    #60
print student            #{'bob': 80, 'll': 60, 'jon': 90})


d = defaultdict(set)
name = ['leo','jack','john']

for index,n in enumerate(name):

    d[n].add(('180cm',60+index))

print d     #defaultdict(<type 'set'>, {'john': set([('180cm', 62)]), 'jack': set([('180cm', 61)]), 'leo': set([('180cm', 60)])})
'''
#3.像类一样玩转元组数据
'''
from collections import namedtuple
student = namedtuple('students','name,score,weight')
s1 = student(name='leo',score=100,weight=65)
print s1     #students(name='leo', score=100, weight=65)
print s1.name    #leo

'''

# 4.题目:出现1次的数字
'''
给定一个数组里面有一串数字，其中有2个数字只出现了1次，剩下的数字出现2次！要求返回只出现1次的数字的和！
比如repeats([4,5,7,5,4,8]) = 15，因为7和8数字出现1次，它的和为15
'''
'''
num_array = [4,5,7,5,4,8]
a = [i for i in num_array if num_array.count(i) ==1]
print sum(a)
print a
print num_array.count(5)
unique_num_dict = {e:num_array.count(e) for e in num_array if num_array.count(e)==1}
print unique_num_dict
def repeats(num_array):
    unique_num_dict = {e:num_array.count(e) for e in num_array if num_array.count(e)==1}
    total = sum((list(unique_num_dict.keys())))
    return total

print repeats(num_array)

def repeats1(arr):
    numbers = set()
    for i in arr:
        if i in numbers:
            numbers.remove(i)
        else:
            numbers.add(i)

    return sum(numbers)

print repeats1(num_array)
'''

#5.enumerate
'''
cities = ['shanghai','beijing']
for i, city in enumerate(cities):
    print i+1,'-->',city
    
1 --> shanghai
2 --> beijing
'''

#6.zip
'''
a = [1,2,3]
b = [1,2,3,4]
print zip(a,b)
[(1, 1), (2, 2), (3, 3)]
'''

#7.循环查找
"""即在for 循环中，如果没有从任何一个break中退出，则会执行和for对应的else
只要从break中退出了，则else部分不执行。"""

'''
target_letter = 'd'
letters = ['a','b','c']
for litter in letters:
    if litter == target_letter:
        print 'found'
        break
else:
    print 'not found'
'''
# 8.字符串——————join
url = ['www','baidu','com']

print '.'.join(url)
line = '*'*30
print line
a = 'hello'
b = a[::]
print id(b),id(a)    #59367056 59367056

import re
word = 'hello,word; python, i ,  like   '
print re.split(r'[,;]',word)      #['hello', 'word', ' python', ' i ', '  like   ']


students = 'boy 101,girl 102'
print re.sub(r'\d+','200',students)    #boy 200,girl 200

import string

instr = 'to'
outstr = 'TO'
table = string.maketrans(instr,outstr)
old_str = 'hello world,welcome to use python.123'
new_str = old_str.translate(table,'hel')
print new_str     #O wOrd,wcOm TO us pyTOn.123

 

转载于:https://my.oschina.net/u/3866294/blog/1836257