swift 易忽略的笔记 11）：Operator Functions

1. operator overloading  

@infix

struct Vector2D {
    var x = 0.0, y = 0.0
}
@infix func + (left: Vector2D, right: Vector2D) -> Vector2D {
    return Vector2D(x: left.x + right.x, y: left.y + right.y)
}

let vector = Vector2D(x: 3.0, y: 1.0)
let anotherVector = Vector2D(x: 2.0, y: 4.0)
let combinedVector = vector + anotherVector
// combinedVector is a Vector2D instance with values of (5.0, 5.0)

@prefix

@prefix func - (vector: Vector2D) -> Vector2D {
    return Vector2D(x: -vector.x, y: -vector.y)
}

let positive = Vector2D(x: 3.0, y: 4.0)
let negative = -positive
// negative is a Vector2D instance with values of (-3.0, -4.0)
let alsoPositive = -negative
// alsoPositive is a Vector2D instance with values of (3.0, 4.0)

@assignment   (有Compound assignment operators 的时候必须有)

@assignment func += (inout left: Vector2D, right: Vector2D) {
    left = left + right
}

var original = Vector2D(x: 1.0, y: 2.0)
let vectorToAdd = Vector2D(x: 3.0, y: 4.0)
original += vectorToAdd
// original now has values of (4.0, 6.0)

@prefix @assignment func ++ (inout vector: Vector2D) -> Vector2D {
    vector += Vector2D(x: 1.0, y: 1.0)
    return vector
}

var toIncrement = Vector2D(x: 3.0, y: 4.0)
let afterIncrement = ++toIncrement
// toIncrement now has values of (4.0, 5.0)
// afterIncrement also has values of (4.0, 5.0)

2.  Equivalence Operator

@infix func == (left: Vector2D, right: Vector2D) -> Bool {
    return (left.x == right.x) && (left.y == right.y)
}
@infix func != (left: Vector2D, right: Vector2D) -> Bool {
    return !(left == right)
}

3. Custom Operators

“Custom operators can be defined only with the characters / = - + * % < > ! & | ^ . ~.


New operators are declared at a global level using the operator keyword, and can be declared as prefix, infix or postfix:


operator prefix +++ {}”



“Precedence and Associativity for Custom Infix Operators”
：

operator infix +- { 

associativity left 

precedence 140 }

func +- (left: Vector2D, right: Vector2D) -> Vector2D {
    return Vector2D(x: left.x + right.x, y: left.y - right.y)
}
let firstVector = Vector2D(x: 1.0, y: 2.0)
let secondVector = Vector2D(x: 3.0, y: 4.0)
let plusMinusVector = firstVector +- secondVector
// plusMinusVector is a Vector2D instance with values of (4.0, -2.0)