c++ 基础知识-类和对象-多态1

1.多态的基本语法

1.静态多态：函数重载和运算符重载属于静态多态，复用函数名
2.动态多态：派生类和虚函数实现运行时多态

静态多态和动态动态的区别：
静态多态的函数地址早绑定 - 编译阶段确定函数地址
动态多态的函数地址晚绑定 - 运行阶段确定函数地址

#include <iostream>  
#include <string>  
using namespace std;

class Animal
{
public:
	//虚构函数
	virtual void speak()
	{
		cout<<"Animal speak !!!"<<endl;
	}
};

class Cat:public Animal
{
public:
	//重写父类中函数，函数名称、返回值类型、参数列表全部一致
	void speak()
	{
		cout<<"Cat speak !!!"<<endl;
	}
};

class Dog:public Animal
{
public:
	void speak()
	{
		cout<<"Dog speak !!!"<<endl;
	}
};

//function
void doSpeak(Animal &animal)
{
		animal.speak();
}

void fun1()
{
	//固定输出父类中的函数
	Cat cat;
	doSpeak(cat);
	cout<<"---------------"<<endl;
	Dog dog;
	doSpeak(dog);
}

void fun2()
{
	//父类中speak() 为虚函数，实现动态多态，即根据所传入的对象类型选择对应的函数
	//动态多态满足条件
	//1.有继承关系
	//2.子类重写父类的虚函数
	Cat cat;
	doSpeak(cat);
	cout<<"---------------"<<endl;
	Dog dog;
	doSpeak(dog);
}

int main()
{
	fun1();
	//输出
	//Animal speak !!!
	//	---------------
	//	Animal speak !!!
	fun2();
   //输出
	//Cat speak !!!
	//	---------------
	//	Dog speak !!!

	return 0;
}  

2.多态中的虚函数指针

#include <iostream>  
#include <string>  
using namespace std;

class Animal
{
public:
	//虚构函数
	 void speak()
	{
		cout<<"Animal speak !!!"<<endl;
	}
};

class Cat:public Animal
{
public:
	//重写父类中函数，函数名称、返回值类型、参数列表全部一致
	void speak()
	{
		cout<<"Cat speak !!!"<<endl;
	}
};

void fun3()
{
	cout<<"size of Animal a is "<<sizeof(Animal)<<endl;
	cout<<"size of Cat a is "<<sizeof(Cat)<<endl;

}
int main()
{

    fun3();
	// virtual  void speak()
	 //输出
	//size of Animal a is 4
	//size of Cat a is 4

	// void speak() 
	//输出
	//size of Animal a is 1
	//size of Cat a is 1
	//virtual  void speak() 虚函数指针占四个字节
	return 0;
}  

3.多态实际应用案例

#include <iostream>  
#include <string>  
using namespace std;

class AbstractCalculator
{
public:
	//虚构函数
	 virtual int getResult()
	{
		return 0;
	}

	int m_a;
	int m_b;
};

class Addition:public AbstractCalculator
{
public:
	//重写父类中函数，函数名称、返回值类型、参数列表全部一致
	int getResult()
	{
		return m_a + m_b;
	}
};

class Subtraction:public AbstractCalculator
{
public:
	int getResult()
	{
		return m_a - m_b;
	}
};

//function
int  doCalculate(AbstractCalculator &calculator)
{
		return calculator.getResult();
}

void fun()
{
	Addition add;
	add.m_a = 10;
	add.m_b = 190;
	cout<<"Addition result is "<<doCalculate(add)<<endl;

	Subtraction subtract;
	subtract.m_a = 10;
	subtract.m_b = 190;
	cout<<"Subtraction result is "<<doCalculate(subtract)<<endl;

}
int main()
{
	fun();
	return 0;
}