Git,GitHub, GitLab, 以及CentOS下GitLab搭建

前言

Git诞生于2005年，大神Linus的作品，是一个版本管理工具，可以在你电脑不联网的情况下，只在本地使用的一个版本管理工具，其作用就是可以让你更好的管理你的程序，比如你原来提交过的内容，以后虽然修改了，但是通过git这个工具，可以把你原来提交的内容重现出来，这样对于你后来才意识到的一些错误的更改，可以进行还原。新手教程：Git教程

Github诞生于2008年，没有Git就没有GitHub。这是一个网站，就是每个程序员自己写的程序，可以在github上建立一个网上的仓库，你每次提交的时候可以把代码提交到网上，这样你的每次提交，别人也都可以看到你的代码，同时别人也可以帮你修改你的代码，这种开源的方式非常方便程序员之间的交流和学习。 Github已成为全球最大的代(tong)码(xing)开(jiao)源(you)社(wang)区(zhan)，注册免费用户即可在Github上免费托管开源代码，如需建立私有仓库必须付费。

GitLab和GitHub一样属于第三方基于Git开发的作品，免费且开源（https://github.com/gitlabhq/gitlabhq 基于MIT协议），与Github类似，可以注册用户，任意提交你的代码，添加SSHKey等等。不同的是，GitLab是可以部署到自己的服务器上，数据库等一切信息都掌握在自己手上，适合团队内部协作开发，你总不可能把团队内部的智慧总放在别人的服务器上吧？简单来说可把GitLab看作个人版的GitHub。

搭建GitLab

环境配置

1. 系统：Red-Hat系列CentOS 7.x-x86_64（笔者采用的是CentOS7.2）
2. CPU：建议双核以上
3. 内存：2GB（官方建议4GB以上，请看下图官方给出的建议）

GitLab官方建议配置.jpg

安装

GitLab 10.x之后添加多了一些依赖，并且要启动sshd服务，所以我们先添加依赖，启动sshd，为防火墙添加服务

sudo yum install -y curl policycoreutils-python openssh-server openssh-clients
sudo systemctl enable sshd
sudo systemctl start sshd 
sudo firewall-cmd –permanent –add-service=http
sudo systemctl reload firewalld

GitLab官方文档中有多种安装方式，分别为deb，rpm，node，python，gem。详情请看：https://packages.gitlab.com/gitlab/gitlab-ce/install

笔者采用的是rpm安装方式，命令行下输入

curl -s https://packages.gitlab.com/install/repositories/gitlab/gitlab-ce/script.rpm.sh | sudo bash

然后静静等待完成，此时细心的同学会发现这是个shell？ 没错，这是官方的一个shell，有兴趣的同学可以研究一下这个shell

#!/bin/bash

unknown_os ()
{
  echo "Unfortunately, your operating system distribution and version are not supported by this script."
  echo
  echo "You can override the OS detection by setting os= and dist= prior to running this script."
  echo "You can find a list of supported OSes and distributions on our website: https://packages.gitlab.com/docs#os_distro_version"
  echo
  echo "For example, to force CentOS 6: os=el dist=6 ./script.sh"
  echo
  echo "Please email support@packagecloud.io and let us know if you run into any issues."
  exit 1
}

curl_check ()
{
  echo "Checking for curl..."
  if command -v curl > /dev/null; then
    echo "Detected curl..."
  else
    echo "Installing curl..."
    yum install -d0 -e0 -y curl
  fi
}


detect_os ()
{
  if [[ ( -z "${os}" ) && ( -z "${dist}" ) ]]; then
    if [ -e /etc/os-release ]; then
      . /etc/os-release
      os=${ID}
      if [ "${os}" = "poky" ]; then
        dist=`echo ${VERSION_ID}`
      elif [ "${os}" = "sles" ]; then
        dist=`echo ${VERSION_ID}`
      elif [ "${os}" = "opensuse" ]; then
        dist=`echo ${VERSION_ID}`
      else
        dist=`echo ${VERSION_ID} | awk -F '.' '{ print $1 }'`
      fi

    elif [ `which lsb_release 2>/dev/null` ]; then
      # get major version (e.g. '5' or '6')
      dist=`lsb_release -r | cut -f2 | awk -F '.' '{ print $1 }'`

      # get os (e.g. 'centos', 'redhatenterpriseserver', etc)
      os=`lsb_release -i | cut -f2 | awk '{ print tolower($1) }'`

    elif [ -e /etc/oracle-release ]; then
      dist=`cut -f5 --delimiter=' ' /etc/oracle-release | awk -F '.' '{ print $1 }'`
      os='ol'

    elif [ -e /etc/fedora-release ]; then
      dist=`cut -f3 --delimiter=' ' /etc/fedora-release`
      os='fedora'

    elif [ -e /etc/redhat-release ]; then
      os_hint=`cat /etc/redhat-release  | awk '{ print tolower($1) }'`
      if [ "${os_hint}" = "centos" ]; then
        dist=`cat /etc/redhat-release | awk '{ print $3 }' | awk -F '.' '{ print $1 }'`
        os='centos'
      elif [ "${os_hint}" = "scientific" ]; then
        dist=`cat /etc/redhat-release | awk '{ print $4 }' | awk -F '.' '{ print $1 }'`
        os='scientific'
      else
        dist=`cat /etc/redhat-release  | awk '{ print tolower($7) }' | cut -f1 --delimiter='.'`
        os='redhatenterpriseserver'
      fi

    else
      aws=`grep -q Amazon /etc/issue`
      if [ "$?" = "0" ]; then
        dist='6'
        os='aws'
      else
        unknown_os
      fi
    fi
  fi

  if [[ ( -z "${os}" ) || ( -z "${dist}" ) ]]; then
    unknown_os
  fi

  # remove whitespace from OS and dist name
  os="${os// /}"
  dist="${dist// /}"

  echo "Detected operating system as ${os}/${dist}."
}

finalize_yum_repo ()
{
  echo "Installing pygpgme to verify GPG signatures..."
  yum install -y pygpgme --disablerepo='gitlab_gitlab-ce'
  pypgpme_check=`rpm -qa | grep -qw pygpgme`
  if [ "$?" != "0" ]; then
    echo
    echo "WARNING: "
    echo "The pygpgme package could not be installed. This means GPG verification is not possible for any RPM installed on your system. "
    echo "To fix this, add a repository with pygpgme. Usualy, the EPEL repository for your system will have this. "
    echo "More information: https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/EPEL#How_can_I_use_these_extra_packages.3F"
    echo

    # set the repo_gpgcheck option to 0
    sed -i'' 's/repo_gpgcheck=1/repo_gpgcheck=0/' /etc/yum.repos.d/gitlab_gitlab-ce.repo
  fi

  echo "Installing yum-utils..."
  yum install -y yum-utils --disablerepo='gitlab_gitlab-ce'
  yum_utils_check=`rpm -qa | grep -qw yum-utils`
  if [ "$?" != "0" ]; then
    echo
    echo "WARNING: "
    echo "The yum-utils package could not be installed. This means you may not be able to install source RPMs or use other yum features."
    echo
  fi

  echo "Generating yum cache for gitlab_gitlab-ce..."
  yum -q makecache -y --disablerepo='*' --enablerepo='gitlab_gitlab-ce'
}

finalize_zypper_repo ()
{
  zypper --gpg-auto-import-keys refresh gitlab_gitlab-ce
}

main ()
{
  detect_os
  curl_check


  yum_repo_config_url="https://packages.gitlab.com/install/repositories/gitlab/gitlab-ce/config_file.repo?os=${os}&dist=${dist}&source=script"

  if [ "${os}" = "sles" ] || [ "${os}" = "opensuse" ]; then
    yum_repo_path=/etc/zypp/repos.d/gitlab_gitlab-ce.repo
  else
    yum_repo_path=/etc/yum.repos.d/gitlab_gitlab-ce.repo
  fi

  echo "Downloading repository file: ${yum_repo_config_url}"

  curl -sSf "${yum_repo_config_url}" > $yum_repo_path
  curl_exit_code=$?

  if [ "$curl_exit_code" = "22" ]; then
    echo
    echo
    echo -n "Unable to download repo config from: "
    echo "${yum_repo_config_url}"
    echo
    echo "This usually happens if your operating system is not supported by "
    echo "packagecloud.io, or this script's OS detection failed."
    echo
    echo "You can override the OS detection by setting os= and dist= prior to running this script."
    echo "You can find a list of supported OSes and distributions on our website: https://packages.gitlab.com/docs#os_distro_version"
    echo
    echo "For example, to force CentOS 6: os=el dist=6 ./script.sh"
    echo
    echo "If you are running a supported OS, please email support@packagecloud.io and report this."
    [ -e $yum_repo_path ] && rm $yum_repo_path
    exit 1
  elif [ "$curl_exit_code" = "35" -o "$curl_exit_code" = "60" ]; then
    echo
    echo "curl is unable to connect to packagecloud.io over TLS when running: "
    echo "    curl ${yum_repo_config_url}"
    echo
    echo "This is usually due to one of two things:"
    echo
    echo " 1.) Missing CA root certificates (make sure the ca-certificates package is installed)"
    echo " 2.) An old version of libssl. Try upgrading libssl on your system to a more recent version"
    echo
    echo "Contact support@packagecloud.io with information about your system for help."
    [ -e $yum_repo_path ] && rm $yum_repo_path
    exit 1
  elif [ "$curl_exit_code" -gt "0" ]; then
    echo
    echo "Unable to run: "
    echo "    curl ${yum_repo_config_url}"
    echo
    echo "Double check your curl installation and try again."
    [ -e $yum_repo_path ] && rm $yum_repo_path
    exit 1
  else
    echo "done."
  fi

  if [ "${os}" = "sles" ] || [ "${os}" = "opensuse" ]; then
    finalize_zypper_repo
  else
    finalize_yum_repo
  fi

  echo
  echo "The repository is setup! You can now install packages."
}

main

好了，完成之后输入

yum search gitlab

可看到库已经添加进来，注意是上边那个，我第一次添加的时候添加错成ee版，尴尬脸，ee版是企业版，ce版是社区版，从这可以看到GitLab包含了 Nginx，PostgreSQL数据库，还有Redis。

有了这个之后就可以直接安装啦，输入

yum install -y gitlab

又经历一次静静的等待直到出现

install GitLab.jpg

此时此刻，GitLab 终于装上了！ 然后按照提示 修改 /etc/gitlab/gitlab.rb 把 external_url 中的地址修改一下

修改配置地址.jpg

完成之后执行

gitlab-ctl reconfigure

继续静静地等待配置和启动服务完成

终于等到完成了，立马在浏览器中输入地址，结果.

服务器502.jpg

甚至出现无法连接服务器，这并不是我想要的结果！ 于是我立马看了下gitlab的状态

gitlab-ctl status

发现并没有什么问题啊，一切正常，这时候心中千万只草泥马在奔驰

查阅一番资料之后，也就是文章一开始的配置之后发现是因为个人服务器配置不够，服务跑不起来.

最后实在不死心，跑了一趟虚拟机终于给跑起来了，至此安装GitLab结束

使用

第一次进入页面的时候会提示你修改管理员密码，按照步骤修改密码登录就可以了

登录之后创建仓库，可见Gitlab还可以创建自己的私有库

 

也可像Github一样查看哪个日期有多少次提交

 

有过Github的使用经验的话使用起来就已经是很方便的了。

需要汉化的话找相对应版本的汉化包进行覆盖，查看GitLab版本命令：

 cat /opt/gitlab/embedded/service/gitlab-rails/VERSION

另外被qiang住的同学可使用清华大学的开源软件镜像 ：https://mirror.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/help/gitlab-ce

 

 

参考文章地址：http://www.realyoung.cc/realyoung/50.html