时间定位表达式－用于时间的加、减调整

在笔者开发的应用中，经常会遇到用户对数据有按照时间进行查询或监视的需求。用户对此类需求往往是希望可以输入一个已当前时间为准，向前回溯或向后延展一定时间的一个时间段。时间段可以是一天、一周、一个月，也可以是十天、一百天、十周等。为可以灵活满足此类需求，笔者写了一个专门做时间定位运算的表达式－－“时间定位表达式”。其具体格式如下：

($Now|$CurrentYear|…) [(+|-) num(y|m|w|d|h|mi|s)]+

时间定位表达式分为两个部分，“($Now|$CurrentYear|…)”部分称为锚表达式，用于标定时间计算的起始点；“[(+|-) num(y|m|w|d|h|mi|s)]+”部分称为调整表达式，用于根据起始点调整计算时间。如：$Now+3m+5h -40mi+20s。表示以当前时间为基础，在当前月的基础上在加上3个月，在当前小时的基础上加上5小时，在当前分钟的基础上减去40分钟，在当前秒的基础上加上20秒。若当前时间为2013-9-11 14:35:45，计算后的时间为：2014-1-1118:56:05。

锚表达式的定位标记除$Now外，还有$CurrentYear，$CurrentMonth，$CurrentWeek，$CurrentDay，$CurrentHour，$CurrentMinute。若当前时间为2013-9-2214:23:38，则$Now的值为2013-9-22 14:23:38；$CurrentYear的值为2013-1-1 00:00:00，即$CurrentYear定位的时间为某年的1月1日零时；$CurrentMonth的值为2013-9-100:00:00，即$CurrentMonth定位的时间为某年某月的第1天的零时；$CurrentWeek的值为2013-9-16 00:00:00;$CurrentDay的值为2013-9-22 00:00:00，即$CurrentDay定位的时间为该天的零时；$CurrentHour的值为2013-9-2214:00:00，即$CurrentHour定位的时间为该时刻的整点；$CurrentMinute的值为2013-9-2214:23:00，即$CurrentMinute定位的时间为该分钟的整点时刻。

调整表达式的调整幅度后缀。y后缀表示年，m后缀表示月，w后缀表示周，d后缀表示天，h后缀表示小时，mi后缀表示分钟，s后缀表示秒。表达式支持“＋”和“－”两种运算操作。支持对某个时间单位的连加连减操作，如：$Now-12d+5d等。

另外，该表达式是大小写不敏感的，其实现代码如下，由于逻辑简单就不解释了，大家自己看吧：

public class TposExpression implements Serializable {   publicstatic final String CURRENT_YEAR ="$CURRENTYEAR";   publicstatic final String CURRENT_MONTH ="$CURRENTMONTH";   publicstatic final String CURRENT_WEEK ="$CURRENTWEEK";   publicstatic final String CURRENT_DAY ="$CURRENTDAY";   publicstatic final String CURRENT_HOUR ="$CURRENTHOUR";   publicstatic final String CURRENT_MINUTE ="$CURRENTMINUTE";   publicstatic final String CURRENT_POSITION ="$NOW";   public static final String[] expressionTypes =new String[] {       CURRENT_YEAR,CURRENT_MONTH, CURRENT_WEEK, CURRENT_DAY, CURRENT_HOUR,       CURRENT_MINUTE,CURRENT_POSITION   };   public staticfinal char YEAR ='Y';   publicstatic final charMONTH = 'M';   publicstatic final charDAY = 'D';   publicstatic final charWEEK = 'W';   publicstatic final charHOUR = 'H';   publicstatic final charMINUTE = 'I';// MI   publicstatic final charSECOND = 'S';   publicstatic final charPLUS = '+';   publicstatic final charMINUS = '-';   protectedint expressionTypeIndex;   protected StringanchorExpression;   protected StringadjustExpression;   public TposExpression(String expression) {     Validate.notEmpty(expression, "expression is empty!");     expression = expression.trim();     expressionTypeIndex = checkExpression(expression);     splitExression(expression);   }   protected int checkExpression(String expression) {     expression = expression.toUpperCase();     for (int i = 0; i <expressionTypes.length; i++) {       if (expression.startsWith(expressionTypes[i])) {         return i;       }     }     throw new IllegalArgumentException(         "Invalid expression! Should be started with '$CurrentYear',"             + "'$CurrentMonth','$CurrentWeek','$CurrentDay','$CurrentHour','$CurrentMinute','$Now' ");   }   protected void splitExression(String expression) {     anchorExpression =expressionTypes[expressionTypeIndex];     adjustExpression = expression         .substring(expressionTypes[expressionTypeIndex].length());     adjustExpression =adjustExpression.toUpperCase();   }   public Date getDate() {     Calendar calendar = Calendar.getInstance();     anchor(calendar, expressionTypeIndex);     position(calendar, adjustExpression); // offset     return calendar.getTime();   }   //静态方法，指定起始时间和调整表达式，直接定位时间。该起始时间可以是锚表达式支持不了的任意时间   public static Date position(Date date, String adjustExpression) {     Validate.notNull(date, "date is null!");     Validate.notEmpty(adjustExpression,"adjustExpression is empty!");     adjustExpression = adjustExpression.toUpperCase();     Calendar calendar = Calendar.getInstance();     calendar.setTime(date);     position(calendar, adjustExpression);     return calendar.getTime();   }   protected static void position(Calendar calendar, String expression) {     char operate =' ', flag = ' ';     int num = -1;     for (int i = 0; i < expression.length(); i++) {       char ch = expression.charAt(i);       if (ch ==' ')         continue;       if (ch ==PLUS || ch == MINUS) {         operate = ch;       } else if (Character.isDigit(ch)) {         int j = i + 1;         for (; j < expression.length(); j++) {           ch = expression.charAt(j);           if (!Character.isDigit(ch)) {             break;           }         }         if (j == expression.length()) {           thrownew IllegalArgumentException("Invalid expression");         }         String sub = expression.substring(i, j);         num = Integer.valueOf(sub).intValue();         i = j - 1;       } else if (ch == YEAR || ch == MONTH || ch ==DAY || ch == WEEK           || ch == HOUR || ch ==SECOND) {         if (ch ==MONTH) {           if (i + 1 < expression.length() && expression.charAt(i + 1) ==MINUTE) {             ch = MINUTE;             i++;           }         }         flag = ch;         calc(calendar, operate, flag, num);         operate = ' ';         flag = ' ';         num = -1;       }     }   }   protected static void calc(Calendar calendar, char operate, char flag, int num) {     if (operate ==PLUS) {       plus(calendar, flag, num);     } else if (operate == MINUS) {       minus(calendar, flag, num);     } else {       throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid operate!");     }   }   protected static void plus(Calendar calendar, char flag, int num) {     switch (flag) {       case YEAR:         int year = calendar.get(Calendar.YEAR);         year += num;         calendar.set(Calendar.YEAR, year);         break;       case MONTH:         int month = calendar.get(Calendar.MONTH);         month += num;         calendar.set(Calendar.MONTH, month);         break;       case WEEK:         num *= 7;       case DAY:         int day = calendar.get(Calendar.DAY_OF_YEAR);         day += num;         calendar.set(Calendar.DAY_OF_YEAR, day);         break;       case HOUR:         int hour = calendar.get(Calendar.HOUR_OF_DAY);         hour += num;         calendar.set(Calendar.HOUR_OF_DAY, hour);         break;       case MINUTE:         int minute = calendar.get(Calendar.MINUTE);         minute += num;         calendar.set(Calendar.MINUTE, minute);         break;       case SECOND:         int second = calendar.get(Calendar.SECOND);         second += num;         calendar.set(Calendar.SECOND, second);         break;       default:         throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid flag!");     }   }   protected static void minus(Calendar calendar, char flag, int num) {     switch (flag) {       case YEAR:         int year = calendar.get(Calendar.YEAR);         year -= num;         calendar.set(Calendar.YEAR, year);         break;       case MONTH:         int month = calendar.get(Calendar.MONTH);         month -= num;         calendar.set(Calendar.MONTH, month);         break;       case WEEK:         num *= 7;       case DAY:         int day = calendar.get(Calendar.DAY_OF_YEAR);         day -= num;         calendar.set(Calendar.DAY_OF_YEAR, day);         break;       case HOUR:         int hour = calendar.get(Calendar.HOUR_OF_DAY);         hour -= num;         calendar.set(Calendar.HOUR_OF_DAY, hour);         break;       case MINUTE:         int minute = calendar.get(Calendar.MINUTE);         minute -= num;         calendar.set(Calendar.MINUTE, minute);         break;       case SECOND:         int second = calendar.get(Calendar.SECOND);         second -= num;         calendar.set(Calendar.SECOND, second);         break;       default:         throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid flag!");     }   }   protected static void anchor(Calendar calendar, int expressionTypeIndex) {     switch (expressionTypeIndex) {       case 0:         calendar.set(Calendar.MONTH, 0);       case 1:         calendar.set(Calendar.DAY_OF_MONTH, 1);       case 3:         calendar.set(Calendar.HOUR_OF_DAY, 0);       case 4:         calendar.set(Calendar.MINUTE, 0);       case 5:         calendar.set(Calendar.SECOND, 0);         calendar.set(Calendar.MILLISECOND, 0);         break;       case 2:         int dayOfWeek = calendar.get(Calendar.DAY_OF_WEEK);         if (dayOfWeek == 1) {           calendar.set(Calendar.DAY_OF_YEAR,               calendar.get(Calendar.DAY_OF_YEAR) - 7);         }         calendar.set(Calendar.DAY_OF_WEEK, 2);// Monday         calendar.set(Calendar.HOUR_OF_DAY, 0);         calendar.set(Calendar.MINUTE, 0);         calendar.set(Calendar.SECOND, 0);         calendar.set(Calendar.MILLISECOND, 0);         break;     }   }   public String getAnchorExpression() {     returnanchorExpression;   }   public String getAdjustExpression() {     returnadjustExpression;   } }