VS-OpenGL加载BMP格式纹理图片

主要介绍Visual studio 2019 OpenGL纹理图片加载方法，包括纹理坐标、bmp格式纹理图片载入函数、OpenGL中纹理的设置等内容

视频讲解：【2.5.1 Visual Studio OpenGL 之纹理立方体-哔哩哔哩】 https://b23.tv/tAKUFaU

OpenGL官方教程网: Tutorial 5 : A Textured Cube (opengl-tutorial.org)

.cpp主程序

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <GL/glew.h>
#include <GLFW/glfw3.h>
#include <glm/glm.hpp>
#include <glm/gtc/matrix_transform.hpp> 
#include <glm/gtx/transform.hpp>
#include <common/shader.hpp>

using namespace glm;


GLuint loadBMP_custom(const char* imagepath);
unsigned char* data;
unsigned int width, height;

// A cube has 6 faces with 2 triangles each, so this makes 6*2=12 triangles, and 12*3 vertices
static const GLfloat g_vertex_buffer_data[] = {
    -1.0f,-1.0f,-1.0f, // triangle 1 : begin
    -1.0f,-1.0f, 1.0f,
    -1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, // triangle 1 : end
    1.0f, 1.0f,-1.0f, // triangle 2 : begin
    -1.0f,-1.0f,-1.0f,
    -1.0f, 1.0f,-1.0f, // triangle 2 : end
    1.0f,-1.0f, 1.0f,
    -1.0f,-1.0f,-1.0f,
    1.0f,-1.0f,-1.0f,
    1.0f, 1.0f,-1.0f,
    1.0f,-1.0f,-1.0f,
    -1.0f,-1.0f,-1.0f,
    -1.0f,-1.0f,-1.0f,
    -1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f,
    -1.0f, 1.0f,-1.0f,
    1.0f,-1.0f, 1.0f,
    -1.0f,-1.0f, 1.0f,
    -1.0f,-1.0f,-1.0f,
    -1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f,
    -1.0f,-1.0f, 1.0f,
    1.0f,-1.0f, 1.0f,
    1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f,
    1.0f,-1.0f,-1.0f,
    1.0f, 1.0f,-1.0f,
    1.0f,-1.0f,-1.0f,
    1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f,
    1.0f,-1.0f, 1.0f,
    1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f,
    1.0f, 1.0f,-1.0f,
    -1.0f, 1.0f,-1.0f,
    1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f,
    -1.0f, 1.0f,-1.0f,
    -1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f,
    1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f,
    -1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f,
    1.0f,-1.0f, 1.0f
};

// Two UV coordinatesfor each vertex. They were created with Blender. You'll learn shortly how to do this yourself.
static const GLfloat g_uv_buffer_data[] = {
    0.000059f, 1.0f - 0.000004f,
    0.000103f, 1.0f - 0.336048f,
    0.335973f, 1.0f - 0.335903f,
    1.000023f, 1.0f - 0.000013f,
    0.667979f, 1.0f - 0.335851f,
    0.999958f, 1.0f - 0.336064f,
    0.667979f, 1.0f - 0.335851f,
    0.336024f, 1.0f - 0.671877f,
    0.667969f, 1.0f - 0.671889f,
    1.000023f, 1.0f - 0.000013f,
    0.668104f, 1.0f - 0.000013f,
    0.667979f, 1.0f - 0.335851f,
    0.000059f, 1.0f - 0.000004f,
    0.335973f, 1.0f - 0.335903f,
    0.336098f, 1.0f - 0.000071f,
    0.667979f, 1.0f - 0.335851f,
    0.335973f, 1.0f - 0.335903f,
    0.336024f, 1.0f - 0.671877f,
    1.000004f, 1.0f - 0.671847f,
    0.999958f, 1.0f - 0.336064f,
    0.667979f, 1.0f - 0.335851f,
    0.668104f, 1.0f - 0.000013f,
    0.335973f, 1.0f - 0.335903f,
    0.667979f, 1.0f - 0.335851f,
    0.335973f, 1.0f - 0.335903f,
    0.668104f, 1.0f - 0.000013f,
    0.336098f, 1.0f - 0.000071f,
    0.000103f, 1.0f - 0.336048f,
    0.000004f, 1.0f - 0.671870f,
    0.336024f, 1.0f - 0.671877f,
    0.000103f, 1.0f - 0.336048f,
    0.336024f, 1.0f - 0.671877f,
    0.335973f, 1.0f - 0.335903f,
    0.667969f, 1.0f - 0.671889f,
    1.000004f, 1.0f - 0.671847f,
    0.667979f, 1.0f - 0.335851f
};

GLuint Texture = loadBMP_custom("uvtemplate.bmp");

int main() {
    // Initialise GLFW
    glewExperimental = true; // Needed for core profile
    if (!glfwInit())
    {
        fprintf(stderr, "Failed to initialize GLFW\n");
        return -1;
    }
    glfwWindowHint(GLFW_SAMPLES, 4); // 4x antialiasing
    glfwWindowHint(GLFW_CONTEXT_VERSION_MAJOR, 3); // We want OpenGL 3.3
    glfwWindowHint(GLFW_CONTEXT_VERSION_MINOR, 3);
    glfwWindowHint(GLFW_OPENGL_FORWARD_COMPAT, GL_TRUE); // To make MacOS happy; should not be needed
    glfwWindowHint(GLFW_OPENGL_PROFILE, GLFW_OPENGL_CORE_PROFILE); // We don't want the old OpenGL 

    // Open a window and create its OpenGL context
    GLFWwindow* window; // (In the accompanying source code, this variable is global for simplicity)
    window = glfwCreateWindow(1024, 768, "Tutorial 01", NULL, NULL);
    if (window == NULL) {
        fprintf(stderr, "Failed to open GLFW window. If you have an Intel GPU, they are not 3.3 compatible. Try the 2.1 version of the tutorials.\n");
        glfwTerminate();
        return -1;
    }

    glfwMakeContextCurrent(window); // Initialize GLEW
    glewExperimental = true; // Needed in core profile
    if (glewInit() != GLEW_OK) {
        fprintf(stderr, "Failed to initialize GLEW\n");
        return -1;
    }

    /****************Tutorial 4 Matrix***********************************/
	// Projection matrix : 45° Field of View, 4:3 ratio, display range : 0.1 unit <-> 100 units
	glm::mat4 Projection = glm::perspective(glm::radians(45.0f), (float)4 / (float)3, 0.1f, 100.0f);
	// Or, for an ortho camera :
	//glm::mat4 Projection = glm::ortho(-10.0f,10.0f,-10.0f,10.0f,0.0f,100.0f); // In world coordinates

	// Camera matrix
	glm::mat4 View = glm::lookAt(
		glm::vec3(4, 3, -3), // Camera is at (4,3,-3), in World Space
		glm::vec3(0, 0, 0), // and looks at the origin
		glm::vec3(0, 1, 0)  // Head is up (set to 0,-1,0 to look upside-down)
	);

	// Model matrix : an identity matrix (model will be at the origin)
	glm::mat4 Model = glm::mat4(1.0f);
	// Our ModelViewProjection : multiplication of our 3 matrices
	glm::mat4 mvp = Projection * View * Model; // Remember, matrix multiplication is the other way around


    /****************Tutorial 2 The first triangle***********************************/
    GLuint VertexArrayID;
    glGenVertexArrays(1, &VertexArrayID);
    glBindVertexArray(VertexArrayID);

    // This will identify our vertex buffer
    GLuint vertexbuffer;
    glGenBuffers(1, &vertexbuffer);// Generate 1 buffer, put the resulting identifier in vertexbuffer
    glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vertexbuffer); // The following commands will talk about our 'vertexbuffer' buffer
    glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(g_vertex_buffer_data), g_vertex_buffer_data, GL_STATIC_DRAW); // Give our vertices to OpenGL.


    /****************Tutorial 5 texture*****************************/
    // Create one OpenGL texture
    GLuint textureID;
    glGenTextures(1, &textureID);

    // "Bind" the newly created texture : all future texture functions will modify this texture
    glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, textureID);

    // Give the image to OpenGL
    glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, GL_RGB, width, height, 0, GL_BGR, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, data);

    glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_NEAREST);
    glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_NEAREST);


 // When MAGnifying the image (no bigger mipmap available), use LINEAR filtering
 /*   glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_LINEAR);
    // When MINifying the image, use a LINEAR blend of two mipmaps, each filtered LINEARLY too
    glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_LINEAR_MIPMAP_LINEAR);
    // Generate mipmaps, by the way.
    glGenerateMipmap(GL_TEXTURE_2D);
*/   


	// Create and compile our GLSL program from the shaders
	GLuint programID = LoadShaders("SimpleVertexShader.vertexshader", "SimpleFragmentShader.fragmentshader");
	GLuint MatrixID = glGetUniformLocation(programID, "MVP");

    glfwSetInputMode(window, GLFW_STICKY_KEYS, GL_TRUE);

    do {
		
        // Clear the screen. It's not mentioned before Tutorial 02, but it can cause flickering, so it's there nonetheless.
        glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);
        glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);// Enable depth test
        glDepthFunc(GL_LESS);// Accept fragment if it closer to the camera than the former one
		glUseProgram(programID);// Use our shader

        // 1st attribute buffer : vertices
        glEnableVertexAttribArray(0);
        glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vertexbuffer);
        glVertexAttribPointer(
            0,                  // attribute 0. No particular reason for 0, but must match the layout in the shader.
            3,                  // size
            GL_FLOAT,           // type
            GL_FALSE,           // normalized?
            0,                  // stride
            (void*)0            // array buffer offset
        );

        // 2nd attribute buffer : TEXTURE
        glEnableVertexAttribArray(1);
        glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, textureID );//colorbuffer
        glVertexAttribPointer(
            1,                                // attribute. No particular reason for 1, but must match the layout in the shader.
            2,                                // size
            GL_FLOAT,                         // type
            GL_FALSE,                         // normalized?
            0,                                // stride
            (void*)0                          // array buffer offset
        );
		glUniformMatrix4fv(MatrixID, 1, GL_FALSE, &mvp[0][0]);// Send our transformation to the currently bound shader, in the "MVP" uniform
		
        glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLES, 0, 3*12); // Starting from vertex 0; 3 vertices total -> 1 triangle
        glDisableVertexAttribArray(0);
        glDisableVertexAttribArray(1);
        
        glfwSwapBuffers(window);// Swap buffers
        glfwPollEvents(); 

    } // Check if the ESC key was pressed or the window was closed
    while (glfwGetKey(window, GLFW_KEY_ESCAPE) != GLFW_PRESS &&
        glfwWindowShouldClose(window) == 0);
}


GLuint loadBMP_custom(const char* imagepath){
    // Data read from the header of the BMP file
    unsigned char header[54]; // Each BMP file begins by a 54-bytes header
    unsigned int dataPos;     // Position in the file where the actual data begins
 //   unsigned int width, height;
    unsigned int imageSize;   // = width*height*3
    // Actual RGB data
//    unsigned char* data;

    // Open the file
    FILE* file = fopen(imagepath, "rb");
    if (!file)
    {
        printf("Image could not be openedn");
        return 0;
    }

    if (fread(header, 1, 54, file) != 54) { // If not 54 bytes read : problem
        printf("Not a correct BMP filen");
        return false;
    }

    if (header[0] != 'B' || header[1] != 'M') {
        printf("Not a correct BMP filen");
        return 0;
    }

    // Read ints from the byte array
    dataPos = *(int*)&(header[0x0A]);
    imageSize = *(int*)&(header[0x22]);
    width = *(int*)&(header[0x12]);
    height = *(int*)&(header[0x16]);

    // Some BMP files are misformatted, guess missing information
    if (imageSize == 0)    imageSize = width * height * 3; // 3 : one byte for each Red, Green and Blue component
    if (dataPos == 0)      dataPos = 54; // The BMP header is done that way


    // Create a buffer
    data = new unsigned char[imageSize];

    // Read the actual data from the file into the buffer
    fread(data, 1, imageSize, file);

    //Everything is in memory now, the file can be closed
    fclose(file);
}

 

片段着色器SimpleFragmentShader.fragmentshader中代码：

#version 330 core

in vec2 UV;
out vec3 color;
uniform sampler2D myTextureSampler;

void main(){

    // Output color = color of the texture at the specified UV
    color = texture( myTextureSampler, UV ).rgb;
}

顶点着色器SimpleVertexShader.vertexshader中代码：

#version 330 core

layout(location = 0) in vec3 vertexPosition_modelspace;
layout(location = 1) in vec2 vertexUV;

// Output data ; will be interpolated for each fragment.
out vec2 UV;

// Values that stay constant for the whole mesh.
uniform mat4 MVP;

void main(){

    // Output position of the vertex, in clip space : MVP * position
    gl_Position =  MVP * vec4(vertexPosition_modelspace,1);

    // UV of the vertex. No special space for this one.
    UV = vertexUV;
}