ioctl和fcntl函数区别及作用

ioctl - control device
ioctl() performs a variety of control functions  on  devices
     and STREAMS.  For non-STREAMS files, the functions performed
     by this call are device-specific control functions.  request
     and  an optional third argument with varying type are passed
     to the file designated by fildes and are interpreted by  the
     device driver.

The fcntl() function provides control of open file descriptors. It is similar to ioctl().

so：
正如名字所暗示的

1. ioctl用于设备控制，控制命令与参数都与设备高度相关，通常也与系统高度相关。

不过IEEE Std 1003.1对流设备的ioctl进行了标准化。

引用

The ioctl() function performs a variety of control functions on STREAMS devices. For non-STREAMS devices, the functions performed by this call are unspecified. The request argument and an optional third argument (with varying type) are passed to and interpreted by the appropriate part of the STREAM associated with fildes. 

2. fcntl用于文件控制。
标准化的操作有
F_DUPFD
F_GETFD
F_SETFD
F_GETFL
F_SETFL
F_GETLK
F_SETLK
F_SETLKW
F_GETOWN
F_SETOWN

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