闪存驱动器_如何最大程度地减少闪存驱动器数据损坏和丢失？

最新推荐文章于 2024-09-30 09:09:52 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2024-09-30 09:09:52 发布

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原文链接：https://www.howtogeek.com/163753/how-can-i-minimize-flash-drive-data-corruption-and-loss/

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闪存驱动器

You’re constantly plugging and unplugging (and mounting/unmounting) your flash drive. What can you do to minimize potential data loss?

您一直在不断插入和拔出(以及安装/卸载)闪存驱动器。您如何做才能最大程度地减少潜在的数据丢失？

Today’s Question & Answer session comes to us courtesy of SuperUser—a subdivision of Stack Exchange, a community-driven grouping of Q&A web sites.

今天的“问答”环节由SuperUser提供，它是Stack Exchange的一个分支，该社区是由社区驱动的Q＆A网站分组。

问题 (The Question)

SuperUser reader Peter wants to know what he can do to keep the file system and files of his flash drives intact. He writes:

超级用户阅读器Peter想要知道如何做才能使文件系统和闪存驱动器的文件保持完整。他写：

I have encountered several USB sticks with a corrupted filesystem in only 2 years. In a Windows-only environment (Vista and newer), what can be done to reduce the chance of filesystem corruption and data loss on a single USB drive?<

我在短短2年内就遇到了多个USB随身碟，档案系统损坏。在仅限Windows的环境(Vista及更高版本)中，如何减少单个USB驱动器上文件系统损坏和数据丢失的机会？

Which filesystem is the most robust?
哪个文件系统最健壮？
Which technologies or labels (xyz certified, etc) indicate that USB sticks supporting them are less likely to become corrupted?
哪些技术或标签(通过xyz认证等)表明，支持它们的USB记忆棒损坏的可能性较小？
Is there something else to look out for?
还有其他需要注意的地方吗？

Is there nothing he can do, or are there preventative steps he can take?

他无能为力，还是可以采取预防措施？

答案 (The Answer)

SuperUser contributor Breakthrough offers the following tips:

超级用户贡献者突破提供以下技巧：

What can be done to reduce the chance of filesystem corruption and dataloss on a single USB drive?

如何减少单个USB驱动器上文件系统损坏和数据丢失的可能性？

Commonly used file systems like FAT32 or NTFS don’t store any data validation information (only on the internal file system itself). Keep backups of your data, validate the data with checksums (you can generate MD5/SHA1 hashes for your files only to check if any data has been corrupted), and/or store recovery archives.

诸如FAT32或NTFS之类的常用文件系统不存储任何数据验证信息(仅存储在内部文件系统本身上)。保留数据备份，使用校验和验证数据(您可以为文件生成MD5 / SHA1哈希，仅用于检查是否有任何数据损坏)，和/或存储恢复档案。

And lastly, regardless of the filesystem, you should always properly unmount the drive. This ensures that any existing file reads/writes are completed, and any read/write buffers have been flushed.

最后， 无论文件系统如何 ，都应始终正确卸载驱动器。这样可确保完成所有现有文件的读/写，并且已刷新所有读/写缓冲区。

Which filesystem is the most robust?

哪个文件系统最健壮？

Robustness comes at a price – compatibility. Arguably, you’d want a file system with built-in data validation and checksumming (or redundant data) like ZFS, but that isn’t very portable with Windows/OSX. If performance is a concern, you might want to try exFAT, which appears to be supported in most major operating systems out of the box or with some slight configuration.

坚固性要付出代价–兼容性。可以说，您需要一个具有内置数据验证和校验和(或冗余数据)功能的文件系统，例如ZFS ，但在Windows / OSX中不是很可移植。如果需要考虑性能，则可能需要尝试exFAT ，它似乎在大多数主要操作系统中都已开箱即用，或者进行了一些轻微配置。

Which technologies or labels (xyz certified, etc) indicate that USB sticks supporting them are less likely to become corrupted?

哪些技术或标签(通过xyz认证等)表明，支持它们的USB记忆棒损坏的可能性较小？

Anything that keeps flash memory alive longer, most notably wear leveling and over provisioning. If the drive supports wear leveling, a larger drive will keep more available sectors in the case some wear out.

可使闪存寿命更长的任何事物，最显着的是损耗均衡和过度配置。如果驱动器支持磨损均衡，则较大的驱动器将在出现一些磨损的情况下保留更多可用扇区。

At the end of the day, flash memory doesn’t last forever. All current flash memory has a limited number of read/write cycles, which inherently causes data loss over time. You can mitigate this risk by taking regular backups, and validating your data with checksums to determine when a file has been corrupted.

归根结底，闪存不会永远持续下去。当前所有的闪存都具有有限数量的读/写周期，这会随着时间的流逝固有地导致数据丢失。您可以通过进行定期备份并使用校验和验证数据来确定文件何时损坏来减轻这种风险。

It’s also possible to use a filesystem with built-in data integrity and recovery, but these are uncommon in many non-UNIX environments as of writing this. They also may be slower and actually wear out the drive faster, due to the requirements of storing additional checksums & redundant information for each file.

也可以使用具有内置数据完整性和恢复功能的文件系统，但是在撰写本文时，这些在许多非UNIX环境中并不常见。由于存储每个文件的附加校验和和冗余信息的要求，它们也可能比较慢，并且实际上会使驱动器磨损更快。

For each case there’s a solution, you just need to weigh the portability/integrity/speed considerations.

对于每种情况都有解决方案，您只需要权衡可移植性/完整性/速度方面的考虑。

Sound advice for ensuring you get the maximum expected life out of your flash drive.

合理的建议，以确保您从闪存驱动器中获得最大的预期寿命。

Have something to add to the explanation? Sound off in the the comments. Want to read more answers from other tech-savvy Stack Exchange users? Check out the full discussion thread here.

有什么补充说明吗？在评论中听起来不对。是否想从其他精通Stack Exchange的用户那里获得更多答案？在此处查看完整的讨论线程。