Gmail’s authentication is secured by rejecting access from less secure apps. By default, adding Gmail SMTP in Thunderbird with your Google account password as SMTP authentication password will not work. And Google is beginning to shut off Google Account access to less secure apps.
通过拒绝来自不太安全的应用程序的访问来保护Gmail的身份验证。 默认情况下,在Thunderbird中使用您的Google帐户密码作为SMTP身份验证密码添加Gmail SMTP无效。 而且,谷歌开始关闭对安全性较低的应用程序的Google帐户访问权限。
To solve this, the method is to use OAuth2 authentication instead of the password based authentication.
为了解决这个问题,该方法是使用OAuth2身份验证而不是基于密码的身份验证。
To add Gmail SMTP, in Thunderbird’s "Account Settings", select "Outgoing Server (SMTP)" and then click the "Add" buttion. The key parts are in the settings as follows.
要添加Gmail SMTP,请在Thunderbird的“帐户设置”中选择“传出服务器(SMTP)”,然后单击“添加”按钮。 关键部分在以下设置中。

Server name: smtp.gmail.com
Port: 587
Connection security: STARTTLS
Authentication method: OAuth2
User Name: <your full gmail address>
伺服器名称: smtp.gmail.com
端口: 587
连接安全性: STARTTLS
身份验证方法: OAuth2
用户名: <your full gmail address>
Here, the "Authentication method" must be "OAuth2". After you clicking "OK", a browser window will show and you can login using your Google account to authentication and authorize your Thunderbird client to access your Gmail account. After it is set, Gmail SMTP should start to work for your Thunderbird.
在此,“身份验证方法”必须为“ OAuth2 ”。 单击“确定”后,将显示一个浏览器窗口,您可以使用Google帐户登录以进行身份验证并授权Thunderbird客户端访问您的Gmail帐户。 设置完成后,Gmail SMTP应该会开始为您的Thunderbird使用。
翻译自: https://www.systutorials.com/how-to-add-gmail-smtp-in-thunderbird/