线性代数和离散数学_代数结构和结构性质| 离散数学

线性代数和离散数学

代数结构 (Algebraic Structure)

A non-empty set G equipped with one or more binary operations is said to be an algebraic structure. Suppose * is a binary operation on G. Then (G, *) is an algebraic structure. (N,*), (1, +), (1, -) are all the algebraic structure. Here, (R, +, .) is an algebraic structure equipped with two operations.

配备有一个或多个二进制运算的非空集G被称为代数结构 。 假设*是G上的二进制运算。 那么(G，*)是一个代数结构 。 (N，*)，(1，+)，(1，-)都是代数结构 。 在此， (R，+ ，.)是具有两个运算的代数结构 。

一组二进制运算 (Binary operation on a set)

Suppose G is a non-empty set. The G X G = {(a,b) : a E G, b E G)}. If f : G X G → G then f is called a binary operation on a set G. The image of the ordered pair (a,b) under the function f is denoted by afb.

假设G是一个非空集。 GXG = {(a，b)：a EG，b EG)} 。 如果f：GXG→G，则将f称为集合G的二进制运算。 函数f下的有序对(a，b)的图像由afb表示。

A binary operation on asset G is sometimes also said to be the binary composition in the set G. If * is a binary composition in G then, a * b E G, a, b E G. Therefore g is closed with respect to the composition denoted by *.

资产G的二元运算有时也被称为集合G中的二元组合。 如果*是G中的二进制组成，则a * b EG，a，b EG 。 因此， g对于*表示的成分是封闭的。

Example:

例：

An addition is a binary operation on the set N of natural number. The sum of two natural number is also a natural number. Therefore, N is a natural number with respect to addition i.e. a+b.

加法运算是对自然数集N的二进制运算。 两个自然数之和也是自然数。 因此， N是关于加法的自然数，即a + b 。

Subtraction is not a binary operation on N. We have 4 – 7 = 3 not belong to N whereas 4 E N. thus, N is not closed with respect to subtraction, but subtraction is a binary operation on the set of an integer.

减法不是对N的二进制运算。 我们有4 – 7 = 3不属于N而4 EN 。 因此， N在减法上不是闭合的，但是减法是对整数集的二进制运算。

代数结构的性质 (Properties of an algebraic structure)

By a property of an algebraic structure, we mean a property possessed by any of its operations. Important properties of an algebraic system are:

代数结构的属性是指其任何运算所拥有的属性。 代数系统的重要属性是：

1. Associative and commutative laws

1.关联法和交换法

An operation * on a set is said to be associative or to satisfy the associative law if, for any elements a, b , c in S we have (a * b) * c = a * (b * c )

如果对S中的任何元素a，b，c具有(a * b)* c = a *(b * c)，则集合上的一个运算*被认为是关联的或满足关联定律的

An operation * on a set S is said to be commutative or satisfy the commutative law if, a * b = b * a for any element a, b in S.

如果对于S中的任何元素a，b ， a * b = b * a ，则对集合S的运算*被认为是可交换的或满足可交换律。

2. Identity element and inverse

2.身份元素与逆

Consider an operation * on a set S. An element e in S is called an identity elements for * if for any elements a in S - a * e = e * a = a

考虑对集合S的运算* 。 如果S中的任何元素a- S *中的元素e称为*的标识元素-a * e = e * a = a

Generally, an element e is called a left identity or a right identity according to as e *a or a * e = a where a is any elements in S.

通常，根据e * a或a * e = a ，元素e称为左标识或右标识，其中a是S中的任何元素。

Suppose an operation * on a set S does have an identity element e. The inverse of an element in S is an element b such that: a * b = b * a = e

假设对集合S的操作*确实具有标识元素e 。 S中元素的逆是元素b ，使得： a * b = b * a = e

3. Cancellation laws

3.取消法

An operation * on a set S is a said to satisfy the left cancellation law if, a * b = a * c implies b = c and is said to satisfy the right cancellation law if, b * a = c * a implies b = c

在集合S的操作*为所述满足左取消法如果，A * B =一个* C意味着B = C，被认为满足右分配律，如果，b *的一个= C * A意味着B = C

翻译自: https://www.includehelp.com/basics/algebraic-structure-and-properties-of-structure.aspx

线性代数和离散数学