非递归遍历二叉树的方法

package interview;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Stack;

/**
 * None recursive pre-order, post-order and in-order. In order to back trace,
 * the main idea here is using a Node that point to the last popped Node.
 * 
 * 
 * 
 * The last popped Node must have some kind of relationship with the current top
 * Node in the stack.
 * 
 * 1. last Node is the child of top Node; 2. last Node is the siblings of the
 * top Node; 3. last Node is the parent of the top Node;
 * 
 * <p>
 * A. For preOrder scenario, last Node is the parent of the top Node. We can
 * also use the same thinking that we never pop-up the parent unless the 2
 * children are visited. But here we do not need that, I found that the parent
 * node is useless because when comes from right node, we certainly need to go
 * back to the up level.
 * </p>
 * 
 * <p>
 * B. For inOrder and post scenario, the last Node is the child or sibling of
 * the top Node. We never pop-up the parent unless the 2 children are visited
 * </p>
 * 
 * @author wa505
 *
 */
public class BinaryTreeNoneRecursive {

	public static void main(String[] args) {

		Stack<Node> stack = new Stack<>();
		int i = 0;
		Node root = new Node();
		root.value = i++;
		stack.push(root);
		while (!stack.isEmpty() && i <= 6) {
			List<Node> tempList = new ArrayList<>();
			while (!stack.isEmpty()) {
				Node top = stack.pop();
				Node left = addLeft(top, i++);
				Node right = addRight(top, i++);
				tempList.add(right);
				tempList.add(left);
			}
			for (Node node : tempList) {
				stack.push(node);
			}
		}

		BinaryTreeNoneRecursive bTree = new BinaryTreeNoneRecursive();
		List<Node> preList = bTree.preOrder(root);
		System.out.println("================preList");
		for (Node node : preList) {
			System.out.println(node.value);
		}

		System.out.println("================inList");
		List<Node> inList = bTree.inOrder(root);
		for (Node node : inList) {
			System.out.println(node.value);
		}

		System.out.println("================inList2");
		List<Node> inList2 = bTree.inOrder2(root);
		for (Node node : inList2) {
			System.out.println(node.value);
		}

		System.out.println("================postList");
		List<Node> postList = bTree.postOrder(root);
		for (Node node : postList) {
			System.out.println(node.value);
		}

	}

	static Node addLeft(Node node, int value) {
		Node child = new Node();
		child.value = value;
		node.left = child;
		return child;
	}

	static Node addRight(Node node, int value) {
		Node child = new Node();
		child.value = value;
		node.right = child;
		return child;
	}

	static class Node {
		int value;
		Node left;
		Node right;
	}

	List<Node> preOrder(Node root) {
		List<Node> result = new ArrayList<>();
		Stack<Node> stack = new Stack<>();
		stack.push(root);
		while (stack.size() > 0) {
			Node node = stack.pop();
			if (node != null) {
				result.add(node);
				stack.push(node.right);
				stack.push(node.left);
			}
		}
		return result;
	}

	/**
	 * 【数据结构】《清华大学版》算法
	 * 
	 * @param root
	 * @return
	 */
	List<Node> inOrder2(Node root) {

		List<Node> result = new ArrayList<>();

		Stack<Node> stack = new Stack<>();

		/**
		 * p 表示待要向左走到尽头的 新节点。
		 */
		Node p = root;

		while (!stack.isEmpty() || p != null) {

			//向左走到没有左节点
			while (p != null) {

				stack.push(p);

				p = p.left;

			}

			//访问节点
			if (!stack.isEmpty()) {

				Node top = stack.peek();

				result.add(top);

				stack.pop();

				//得到待要走到尽头的新节点。
				p = top.right;
			}

		}
		return result;
	}

	List<Node> inOrder(Node root) {
		List<Node> result = new ArrayList<>();
		Stack<Node> stack = new Stack<>();
		stack.push(root);
		Node lastNode = null;
		while (stack.size() > 0) {
			Node top = stack.peek();
			if (top.right == lastNode && lastNode != null) {
				stack.pop();
				lastNode = top;
			} else if (top.left == lastNode && lastNode != null) {
				result.add(top);
				if (top.right == null) {
					stack.pop();
					lastNode = top;
				} else {
					stack.push(top.right);
				}
			} else if (top.left != null) {
				stack.push(top.left);
			} else if (top.right != null) {
				stack.push(top.right);
			} else {
				result.add(stack.pop());
				lastNode = top;
			}
		}
		return result;
	}

	List<Node> postOrder(Node root) {
		List<Node> result = new ArrayList<>();
		Stack<Node> stack = new Stack<>();
		stack.push(root);
		Node lastNode = null;
		while (stack.size() > 0) {
			Node top = stack.peek();
			if (top.right == lastNode && lastNode != null) {
				stack.pop();
				lastNode = top;
				result.add(top);
			} else if (top.left == lastNode && lastNode != null) {
				if (top.right == null) {
					stack.pop();
					lastNode = top;
					result.add(top);
				} else {
					stack.push(top.right);
				}
			} else if (top.left != null) {
				stack.push(top.left);
			} else if (top.right != null) {
				stack.push(top.right);
			} else {
				stack.pop();
				lastNode = top;
				result.add(top);
			}
		}
		return result;
	}
}