Winsock frame in Win32 console application

最近利用空余时间在Win32 console application下重新写了一遍Winsock tcp通信程序，目的一是，以前在MFC下写过一个Socket通信程序，但是MFC帮我做了很多事情，所以想完全自己动手写一个与MFC功能一样的Socket通信程序；目的二就是帮助自己再熟悉一遍Socket通信的相关内容。

下面对Socket通信的基本内容做一个复习：(更详细的内容g.cn)
PS:以下内容是笔者整理的一些总结，不一定完全正确，所以仅供参考。

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(一)什么是Socket？

Socket相当于进行网络通信两端的插座，只要对方的Socket和自己的Socket有通信连接，双方就可以发送和接收数据了。其定义类似于文件句柄的定义。

Socket有五种不同的类型：

1、流式套接字(stream socket)  
#define SOCK_STREAM 1

流式套接字提供了双向、有序的、无重复的以及无记录边界的数据流服务，适合处理大量数据。它是面向连接的，必须建立数据传输链路，同时还必须对传输的数据进行验证，确保数据的准确性。因此，系统开销较大。

2、 数据报套接字(datagram socket)
#define SOCK_DGRAM 2

数据报套接字也支持双向的数据流，但不保证传输数据的准确性，但保留了记录边界。由于数据报套接字是无连接的，例如广播时的连接，所以并不保证接收端是否正在侦听。数据报套接字传输效率比较高。

3、原始套接字(raw-protocol interface)
#define SOCK_RAW 3 
原始套接字保存了数据包中的完整IP头，前面两种套接字只能收到用户数据。因此可以通过原始套接字对数据进行分析。

其它两种套接字不常用，这里就不介绍了。

(二)Socket开发所必须需要的文件(以WinSock V2.0为例)

头文件：Winsock2.h
库文件：WS2_32.LIB
动态库：W32_32.DLL

(三)数据类型的基本定义

typedef unsigned char  u_char;
typedef unsigned short u_short;
typedef unsigned int   u_int;
typedef unsigned long  u_long;

(四)网络地址的数据结构

有一个老的和一个新的的，请大家留意，如果想知道为什么，请发邮件给Bill Gate。其实就是计算机的IP地址，不过一般不用用点分开的IP地址，当然也提供一些转换函数。

(1)旧的网络地址结构的定义，为一个4字节的联合

struct in_addr {
union {
struct { u_char s_b1,s_b2,s_b3,s_b4; } S_un_b;
struct { u_short s_w1,s_w2; } S_un_w;
u_long S_addr;
} S_un;
#define s_addr S_un.S_addr /* can be used for most tcp & ip code */
//...
};

(2)新的网络地址结构的定义

非常简单，就是一个无符号长整数unsigned long。举个例子：IP地址为127.0.0.1的网络地址是什么呢？请看定义：

#define INADDR_LOOPBACK 0x7f000001

(五)套接字地址结构

(1)sockaddr结构

/*
 * Structure used by kernel to store most
 * addresses.
 */
struct sockaddr {
        u_short sa_family;              /* address family */
        char    sa_data[14];            /* up to 14 bytes of direct address */
};

sa_family为网络地址类型，一般为AF_INET，表示该socket在Internet域中进行通信，该地址结构随选择的协议的不同而变化，因此一般情况下另一个与该地址结构大小相同的sockaddr_in结构更为常用，sockaddr_in结构用来标识TCP/IP协议下的地址。换句话说，这个结构是通用socket地址结构，而下面的sockaddr_in是专门针对Internet域的socket地址结构。

(2)sockaddr_in结构

/*
 * Socket address, internet style.
 */
struct sockaddr_in {
        short   sin_family;
        u_short sin_port;
        struct  in_addr sin_addr;
        char    sin_zero[8];
};

sin _family为网络地址类型，必须设定为AF_INET。sin_port为服务端口，注意不要使用已固定的服务端口，如HTTP的端口80等。如果端口设置为0，则系统会自动分配一个唯一端口。sin_addr为一个unsigned long的IP地址。sin_zero为填充字段，纯粹用来保证结构的大小。

(六)常用的将点分十进制IP地址转换为unsigned long类型的IP地址的函数

unsigned long inet_addr( const char FAR * cp )
用法：将大端储存的网络字节序转换为小端存储的主机字节序
比如：

网络字节序，即是大端储存  #define INADDR_LOOPBACK 0x7f000001
在小端储存系统(Windows等) inet_addr("127.0.0.1") = 0x0100007F = 16777343
如127.0.0.1，转成网络字节序：
内存从低位到高位是 7F 00 00 01
大端数表示0x7F000001
小端数则是0x0100007F

unsigned long addr=inet_addr("127.0.0.1")
在实际应用中为下面的形式：
addrService.sin_addr.s_addr=inet_addr("127.0.0.1"); //sin_addr为in_addr结构体(一个联合体)的一个对象，类型可以为unsigned long

如果将sin_addr设置为INADDR_ANY，则表示所有的IP地址，也即所有的计算机。

#define INADDR_ANY (u_long)0x00000000

PS:
将网络地址转换为点分十进制的IP地址(即上面函数的逆函数)

char FAR *  inet_ntoa( struct in_addr in );
举例：
      char * ipaddr=NULL;
      char addr[20];
      in_addr inaddr;
      inaddr.s_addr=16777343;
      ipaddr= inet_ntoa(inaddr);
      strcpy(addr,ipaddr); //这样addr的值就变为127.0.0.1

(七)主机地址

/*
 * Structures returned by network data base library, taken from the
 * BSD file netdb.h.  All addresses are supplied in host order, and
 * returned in network order (suitable for use in system calls).
 */

struct  hostent {
        char    FAR * h_name;                 /* official name of host */
        char    FAR * FAR * h_aliases;     /* alias list */
        short   h_addrtype;                     /* host address type */
        short   h_length;                         /* length of address */
        char    FAR * FAR * h_addr_list;  /* list of addresses */
#define h_addr  h_addr_list[0]           /* address, for backward compat */
};

h_name为主机名字。
h_aliases为主机别名列表。
h_addrtype为地址类型。
h_length为地址长度。
h_addr_list为IP地址，如果该主机有多个网卡，就包括地址的列表。

(八)常见TCP/IP协议的定义

/*
 * Protocols
 */
#define IPPROTO_IP                 0                  /* dummy for IP */
#define IPPROTO_ICMP             1                 /* control message protocol */
#define IPPROTO_IGMP             2                 /* internet group management protocol */
#define IPPROTO_GGP              3                  /* gateway^2 (deprecated) */
#define IPPROTO_TCP               6                 /* tcp */
#define IPPROTO_PUP              12                /* pup */
#define IPPROTO_UDP              17                /* user datagram protocol */
#define IPPROTO_IDP               22                /* xns idp */
#define IPPROTO_ND                77                /* UNOFFICIAL net disk proto */

#define IPPROTO_RAW             255              /* raw IP packet */
#define IPPROTO_MAX              256

套接字通信还有很多内容，上面只提到了很小的一部分内容。

针对Socket通信的学习，我们应该理论与实际相结合，我认为自己动手调式是最好的学习方法！下面是我在xp+vc6.0下写的一个Win32 console application Socket通信程序(tcp)，运用到了多线程的机制，sever端的主线程里的ListenSocket监听套接字负责accept客户端的请求，当接收到客户端的请求时，启动一个线程，并传递accept返回的会话套接字AcceptSocket给线程,最后分别在不同的线程中来完成与不同客户端的会话工作。当客户端退出时，客户端先向server端发送exit文本命令，server端接收到消息之后，调用closesocket关闭此客户端的会话套接字。

需要说明的是，server是一个一直运行的程序，所以ListenSocket监听套接字在程序中无法释放(Win32 console下不知道用什么方法)。所以server要退出的话，只能让系统来回收这部分资源了。

下面的代码如果有问题，或则有需要改进的地方，请您给我留言。谢了！

server: 

/************************************************************************/ /* author: wcdj * date: 2009-10-13 * application: Win32 console application * description: TCP server * note: add lib * Project->Settings->Link->Object/Library modules，add Ws2_32.lib * (each lib should be separated by a blank) */ /************************************************************************/ //headers #include "stdafx.h"//#include <stdio.h> #include <WINSOCK2.H> #include <string> #include <conio.h>//getch //set value #define DEFAULT_BUFLEN 512 #define DEFAULT_PORT 27015 #define DEFAULT_IP "127.0.0.1" #define DEFAULT_CNTCOUNT 5 //function declare DWORD WINAPI AnswerThread(LPVOID lparam); //main function int main(int argc, char* argv[]) { printf("Do you wanna listen?(Y/y/N/n)/n"); char ch = getch();//to get a char but not to show if (ch=='N'||ch=='n') { return 0; } else { printf("listen.../n"); } //initialize Winsock WORD wVersion=MAKEWORD(2,0); WSADATA wsData; int nResult=0; nResult=WSAStartup(wVersion,&wsData);//right returns 0 if(nResult != NO_ERROR) { printf("Error at WSAStartup()/n"); return 1; } else { printf("WSAStartup() ok/n"); } //create a socket SOCKET ListenSocket=socket(AF_INET,SOCK_STREAM,IPPROTO_TCP); if(ListenSocket==INVALID_SOCKET) { printf("Error at socket():%ld/n",WSAGetLastError()); WSACleanup(); return 1; } else { printf("socket() ok/n"); } //bind a socket //The sockaddr_in structure specifies the address family, //IP address, and port for the socket that is being bound. sockaddr_in addrService; addrService.sin_family=AF_INET; addrService.sin_addr.s_addr=inet_addr(DEFAULT_IP); addrService.sin_port=htons(DEFAULT_PORT); nResult=bind(ListenSocket,(SOCKADDR*)&addrService,sizeof(addrService)); if(nResult==SOCKET_ERROR) { printf("bind() failed/n"); //to release socket resource nResult=closesocket(ListenSocket); if(nResult==SOCKET_ERROR) { printf("closesocket() failed/n"); } WSACleanup(); return 1; } else { printf("bind() OK/n"); } //listen on a socket //Listen for incoming connection requests,on the created socket //listen DEFAULT_CNTCOUNT clients at most at the same time nResult=listen(ListenSocket,DEFAULT_CNTCOUNT); if(nResult==SOCKET_ERROR) { printf("Error listening on socket/n"); //to release socket resource nResult=closesocket(ListenSocket); if(nResult==SOCKET_ERROR) { printf("closesocket() failed/n"); } WSACleanup(); return 1; } else { printf("listen() ok/n"); } //accept a connection //Create a SOCKET for accepting incoming requests. SOCKET AcceptSocket; sockaddr_in addrClient; int addrLen = sizeof(sockaddr); printf("Waiting for a client to connect.../n"); while(1) { AcceptSocket=INVALID_SOCKET; while(AcceptSocket==INVALID_SOCKET) { //AcceptSocket=accept(ListenSocket,NULL,NULL); //addrClient returns client addr info AcceptSocket=accept(ListenSocket,(sockaddr*)&addrClient,&addrLen); if (AcceptSocket == INVALID_SOCKET) { printf("accept failed: %d/n", WSAGetLastError()); closesocket(ListenSocket); WSACleanup(); return 1; } } printf("Client connected/n"); DWORD dwThreadId; HANDLE hThread; //start a thread to manage AcceptSocket hThread=CreateThread(NULL,NULL,AnswerThread,(LPVOID)AcceptSocket,0,&dwThreadId); if(hThread==NULL) { printf("CreatThread AnswerThread() failed/n"); } else { printf("CreateThread OK/n"); } }//while(1) return 0; } DWORD WINAPI AnswerThread(LPVOID lparam) { SOCKET ClientSocket=(SOCKET)(LPVOID)lparam; int bytesRecv; char sendbuf[DEFAULT_BUFLEN]=""; char recvbuf[DEFAULT_BUFLEN]=""; while(1) { //clear buf int nRecvLen=(int)strlen(recvbuf); for(int i=0;i<nRecvLen;i++) { recvbuf[i]='/0'; } int nSendLen=(int)strlen(sendbuf); for(int j=0;j<nSendLen;j++) { sendbuf[j]='/0'; } // if the peer closes the connection the app will exit bytesRecv=SOCKET_ERROR; while(bytesRecv==SOCKET_ERROR) { //Receiving data bytesRecv=recv(ClientSocket,recvbuf,DEFAULT_BUFLEN,0); if ( bytesRecv > 0 ) printf("Bytes received: %d/n",bytesRecv); else if ( bytesRecv == 0 ) printf("Connection closed/n"); else { //printf("recv failed with error: %d/n",WSAGetLastError()); //cleanup closesocket(ClientSocket); WSACleanup(); return 1; } } //Write your processing code here printf("%s/n",recvbuf); //we can take a different operation by different string we get if (0==strcmp(recvbuf,"hi"))//if equal returns 0 { strcpy(sendbuf,"hello"); send(ClientSocket,sendbuf,strlen(sendbuf),0);//server feedback } else if (0==strcmp(recvbuf,"exit")) { //client exit //to release socket resource if(closesocket(ClientSocket)==SOCKET_ERROR) { printf("closesocket() failed/n"); } break; } else { strcpy(sendbuf,"undefined"); send(ClientSocket,sendbuf,strlen(sendbuf),0);//server feedback } //... } return 0; }

client: 

/************************************************************************/ /* author: wcdj * date: 2009-10-13 * application: Win32 console application * description: TCP client * note: add lib * Project->Settings->Link->Object/Library modules，add Ws2_32.lib * (each lib should be separated by a blank) */ /************************************************************************/ //headers #include "stdafx.h"//#include <stdio.h> #include <WINSOCK2.H> #include <string> #include <conio.h>//getch //set value #define DEFAULT_BUFLEN 512 #define DEFAULT_PORT 27015 #define DEFAULT_IP "127.0.0.1" //function declare DWORD WINAPI AnswerThread(LPVOID lparam); //main function int main(int argc, char* argv[]) { printf("Do you wanna connect to server?(Y/y/N/n)/n"); char ch = getch();//to get a char but not to show if (ch=='N'||ch=='n') { return 0; } //initialize Winsock WORD wVersion=MAKEWORD(2,0); WSADATA wsData; int nResult=0; nResult=WSAStartup(wVersion,&wsData);//right returns 0 if(nResult != NO_ERROR) { printf("WSAStartup failed with error: %d/n",nResult); return 1; } else { printf("WSAStartup() ok/n"); } //create a socket SOCKET ClientSocket=socket(AF_INET,SOCK_STREAM,IPPROTO_TCP); if(ClientSocket==INVALID_SOCKET) { printf("socket failed with error: %ld/n",WSAGetLastError()); WSACleanup(); return 1; } else { printf("socket() ok/n"); } //connect to socket sockaddr_in addr; addr.sin_family=AF_INET; addr.sin_port=htons(DEFAULT_PORT); //addr.sin_addr.s_addr= htonl(INADDR_ANY); addr.sin_addr.s_addr= inet_addr(DEFAULT_IP); while (1) { nResult=connect(ClientSocket,(sockaddr*)&addr,sizeof(sockaddr)); if(nResult==SOCKET_ERROR) { printf("connect failed with error: %d...try again?(Y/y/N/n)/n",WSAGetLastError()); char ch = getch();//to get a char but not to show if (ch=='N'||ch=='n') { //to release socket resource nResult=closesocket(ClientSocket); if(nResult==SOCKET_ERROR) { printf("closesocket() failed/n"); } WSACleanup(); return 1; } else { Sleep(2); } } else { printf("connect() ok/n"); break; } } DWORD dwThreadId; HANDLE hThread; //create a thread to manage recv hThread=CreateThread(NULL,NULL,AnswerThread,(LPVOID)ClientSocket,0,&dwThreadId); if(hThread==NULL) { printf("CreatThread AnswerThread() failed/n"); } else { printf("CreateThread OK/n"); } //send socket char sendbuf[DEFAULT_BUFLEN]=""; while (1) { //clear buf int nSendLen=(int)strlen(sendbuf); for (int i=0;i<nSendLen;i++) { sendbuf[i]='/0'; } printf("please input ur msgs:"); scanf("%s",sendbuf); nResult=send(ClientSocket,sendbuf,strlen(sendbuf),0); if(nResult==SOCKET_ERROR) { printf("send() failed with error: %d/n",WSAGetLastError()); //to release socket resource nResult=closesocket(ClientSocket); if(nResult==SOCKET_ERROR) { printf("closesocket() failed/n"); } WSACleanup(); return 1; } else { printf("Bytes sent: %d...go on sending?(Y/y/N/n)/n",nResult); char ch = getch(); if (ch=='N'||ch=='n') { break; } else { Sleep(2); } } }//while (1) //notify server to close the current client socket //clear buf int nSendLen=(int)strlen(sendbuf); for (int i=0;i<nSendLen;i++) { sendbuf[i]='/0'; } strcpy(sendbuf,"exit");//exit msg nResult=send(ClientSocket,sendbuf,strlen(sendbuf),0); if(nResult==SOCKET_ERROR) { printf("send() failed with error: %d/n",WSAGetLastError()); //to release socket resource nResult=closesocket(ClientSocket); if(nResult==SOCKET_ERROR) { printf("closesocket() failed/n"); } WSACleanup(); return 1; } //to release socket resource nResult=closesocket(ClientSocket); if(nResult==SOCKET_ERROR) { printf("closesocket() failed/n"); } WSACleanup(); return 0; } DWORD WINAPI AnswerThread(LPVOID lparam) { SOCKET ClientSocket=(SOCKET)(LPVOID)lparam; int bytesRecv; //const unsigned nBufSize=512; char recvbuf[DEFAULT_BUFLEN]=""; while(1) { //clear buf int nRecvLen=(int)strlen(recvbuf); for(int i=0;i<nRecvLen;i++) { recvbuf[i]='/0'; } // if the peer closes the connection the app will exit bytesRecv=SOCKET_ERROR; while(bytesRecv==SOCKET_ERROR) { //Receiving data bytesRecv=recv(ClientSocket,recvbuf,DEFAULT_BUFLEN,0); if ( bytesRecv > 0 ) printf("Bytes received: %d/n",bytesRecv); else if ( bytesRecv == 0 ) printf("Connection closed/n"); else { //printf("recv failed with error: %d/n",WSAGetLastError()); //cleanup closesocket(ClientSocket); WSACleanup(); return 1; } } //Write your processing code here //send(ClientSocket,recvbuf,strlen(recvbuf),0); printf("----------------------------/n"); printf("%s/n",recvbuf); printf("----------------------------/n"); //we can take a different operation by different string we get if (0==strcmp(recvbuf,"hello"))//if equal returns 0 { printf("server returns the corresponding info/n"); //feedback } //... } return 0; }