\[\| F\|^2=\int_M (F_A,F_A)\]
\[\boxed{ S = \int\nolimits_{t_1}^{t_2} \left\{ \int\nolimits_{\varSigma_t} N \left(R+K_{ij}K^{ij} -K^2\right) \sqrt{\gamma} \; \hbox{d}^3 x \right\} \hbox{d} t } \]
Let us consider the standard $ \mathbf{\textit{Hilbert;,action}} $ for general relativity (see e.g. [32, 12]):
\[S = \int\nolimits_{{\fancyscript{V}}} {}^4\!R \sqrt{-g} \; \hbox{d}^4 x,\]
\[\begin{aligned}[b] R_{ij}& = \frac{\partial {{\Gamma^k}_{ij}}}{\partial x^k} - \frac{\partial{{\Gamma^k}_{ik}}}{\partial x^j} + \cdots \\ & = {\frac{1}{2}} \frac{\partial}{\partial x^k} \left[ \gamma^{kl} \left( \frac{\partial{\gamma_{lj}}}{\partial x^i} + \frac{\partial{\gamma_{il}}}{\partial x^j} - \frac{\partial{\gamma_{ij}}}{\partial x^l} \right) \right] - {\frac{1}{2}} \frac{\partial}{\partial x^j} \left[ \gamma^{kl} \left( \frac{\partial{\gamma_{lk}}}{\partial x^i} + \frac{\partial{\gamma_{il}}}{\partial x^k} - \frac{\partial{\gamma_{ik}}}{\partial x^l} \right) \right] + \cdots \\ & = {\frac{1}{2}} \gamma^{kl} \left( \frac{\partial^2 {\gamma_{lj}}}{\partial {x^k}\partial x^i} + \frac{\partial^2 {\gamma_{il}}}{\partial {x^k}\partial x^j} - \frac{\partial^2 {\gamma_{ij}}}{\partial {x^k}\partial x^l} - \frac{\partial^2 {\gamma_{lk}}}{\partial {x^j}\partial x^i}- \frac{\partial^2 {\gamma_{il}}}{\partial {x^j}\partial x^k}+ \frac{\partial^2 {\gamma_{ik}}}{\partial {x^j}\partial x^l} \right) + \cdots \\ R_{ij} & = - {\frac{1}{2}} \gamma^{kl} \left( \frac{\partial^2 {\gamma_{ij}}}{\partial {x^k}\partial x^l}+ \frac{\partial^2 {\gamma_{kl}}}{\partial {x^i}\partial x^j}- \frac{\partial^2 {\gamma_{lj}}}{\partial {x^i}\partial x^k}- \frac{\partial^2 {\gamma_{il}}}{\partial {x^j}\partial x^k}\right) + {\fancyscript{Q}}_{ij}\left(\gamma_{kl}, \frac{\partial {\gamma_{kl}}}{\partial x^m} \right), \end{aligned}\]
\[ \left\{ \begin{array}{c} a_1x+b_1y+c_1z=d_1 \\ a_2x+b_2y+c_2z=d_2 \\ a_3x+b_3y+c_3z=d_3 \end{array} \right. \]
\[ \begin{align} v + w & = 0 &\text{Given} \tag 1\\ -w & = -w + 0 & \text{additive identity} \tag 2\\ -w + 0 & = -w + (v + w) & \text{equations $(1)$ and $(2)$} \end{align} \]
\[ \begin{matrix} 1 & 2 \\ 3 & 4 \\ \end{matrix}\]
\[ \begin{pmatrix} 1 & 2 \\ 3 & 4 \\ \end{pmatrix}\]
\[ \begin{bmatrix} 1 & 2 \\ 3 & 4 \\ \end{bmatrix} \]
\[ \begin{Bmatrix} 1 & 2 \\ 3 & 4 \\ \end{Bmatrix} \]
\[ \begin{vmatrix} 1 & 2 \\ 3 & 4 \\ \end{vmatrix} \]
\[ \begin{Vmatrix} 1 & 2 \\ 3 & 4 \\ \end{Vmatrix} \]
\[ \require{cancel}\begin{array}{rl} \verb|y+\cancel{x}| & y+\cancel{x}\\ \verb|\cancel{y+x}| & \cancel{y+x}\\ \verb|y+\bcancel{x}| & y+\bcancel{x}\\ \verb|y+\xcancel{x}| & y+\xcancel{x}\\ \verb|y+\cancelto{0}{x}| & y+\cancelto{0}{x}\\ \verb+\frac{1\cancel9}{\cancel95} = \frac15+& \frac{1\cancel9}{\cancel95} = \frac15 \\ \end{array} \]
转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/yuewen-chen/articles/9483884.html