UnityShader学习笔记 高级纹理

立方体纹理

是环境映射的一种实现方式，可以模拟物体周围的环境，可以反射环境，但不能反射使用了改立方体纹理的物体本身，这是因为立方体纹理不能模拟多次反射的结果

 

创建用于环境映射的立方体纹理

 

反射

Shader "Custom/Reflection" {
	Properties {
		_Color ("Color Tint", Color) = (1,1,1,1)
		_ReflectColor ("Reflection Color", Color) = (1,1,1,1)
		_ReflectAmount ("Reflection Amount", Range(0,1)) = 1
		_Cubemap ("Reflection Cubemap", Cube) = "_Skybox" {}
	}
	SubShader 
	{
		Tags { "RenderType"="Opaque" "Queue"="Geometry"}
		Pass
		{
			Tags { "LightMode" = "ForwardBase" }

			CGPROGRAM
			#pragma multi_compile_fwdbase

			#pragma vertex vert
			#pragma fragment frag
			#include "Lighting.cginc"
			#include "AutoLight.cginc"

			fixed4 _Color;
			fixed4 _ReflectColor;
			fixed _ReflectAmount;
			samplerCUBE _Cubemap;
			
			struct a2v
			{
				float4 vertex : POSITION;
				float3 normal : NORMAL;
			};
			struct v2f
			{
				float4 pos : SV_POSITION;
				fixed3 worldPos : TEXCOORD0;
				fixed3 worldNormal : TEXCOORD1;
				fixed3 worldViewDir : TEXCOORD2;
				fixed3 worldRefl : TEXCOORD3;
				SHADOW_COORDS(4)
			};

			v2f vert(a2v v)
			{
				v2f o;

				o.pos = UnityObjectToClipPos( v.vertex);

				o.worldNormal = UnityObjectToWorldNormal(v.normal);
				o.worldPos =  mul(unity_ObjectToWorld , v.vertex).xyz;

				o.worldViewDir = UnityWorldSpaceViewDir(o.worldPos);
			
				o.worldRefl = reflect(-o.worldViewDir, o.worldNormal);

				TRANSFER_SHADOW(o);

				return o;
			}

			fixed4 frag(v2f i) : SV_Target
			{
				fixed3 worldNormal = normalize(i.worldNormal);
				fixed3 worldLightDir = normalize(UnityWorldSpaceLightDir(i.worldPos));
				fixed3 worldViewDir = normalize(i.worldViewDir);

				fixed3 ambient = UNITY_LIGHTMODEL_AMBIENT.xyz;


				fixed3 diffuse = _LightColor0.rgb * _Color.rgb * max(0 , dot(worldNormal , worldLightDir));

				fixed3 reflection = texCUBE(_Cubemap, i.worldRefl).rgb * _ReflectColor.rgb;

				UNITY_LIGHT_ATTENUATION(atten, i ,i.worldPos);

				fixed3 color = ambient + lerp(diffuse ,  reflection , _ReflectAmount) * atten;

				return fixed4(color, 1.0);
			}
			ENDCG
		}
	}
	FallBack "Reflective/VertexLit"
}

折射

Shader "Custom/Refraction" {
	Properties {
		_Color ("Color Tint", Color) = (1,1,1,1)
		_RefractColor ("Refraction Color", Color) = (1,1,1,1)
		_RefractAmount ("Refraction Amount", Range(0,1)) = 1
		_RefractRatio ("Refraction Ratio", Range(0.1,1)) = 0.5
		_Cubemap ("Refraction Cubemap", Cube) = "_Skybox" {}
	}
	SubShader 
	{
		Tags { "RenderType"="Opaque" "Queue"="Geometry"}

		Pass
		{
			Tags { "LightMode"="ForwardBase" }

			CGPROGRAM
			#pragma multi_compile_fwdbase

			#pragma vertex vert
			#pragma fragment frag
			#include "Lighting.cginc"
			#include "AutoLight.cginc"

			fixed4 _Color;
			fixed4 _RefractColor;
			float _RefractAmount;
			fixed _RefractRatio;
			samplerCUBE _Cubemap;
			
			struct a2v
			{
				float4 vertex : POSITION;
				float3 normal : NORMAL;
			};
			struct v2f
			{
				float4 pos : SV_POSITION;
				fixed3 worldPos : TEXCOORD0;
				fixed3 worldNormal : TEXCOORD1;
				fixed3 worldViewDir : TEXCOORD2;
				fixed3 worldRefr : TEXCOORD3;
				SHADOW_COORDS(4)
			};

			v2f vert(a2v v)
			{
				v2f o;

				o.pos = UnityObjectToClipPos( v.vertex);

				o.worldNormal = UnityObjectToWorldNormal(v.normal);
				o.worldPos =  mul(unity_ObjectToWorld , v.vertex).xyz;

				o.worldViewDir = UnityWorldSpaceViewDir(o.worldPos);
			
				o.worldRefr = refract(-normalize(o.worldViewDir), normalize(o.worldNormal), _RefractRatio);

				TRANSFER_SHADOW(o);

				return o;
			}

			fixed4 frag(v2f i) : SV_Target
			{
				fixed3 worldNormal = normalize(i.worldNormal);
				fixed3 worldLightDir = normalize(UnityWorldSpaceLightDir(i.worldPos));
				fixed3 worldViewDir = normalize(i.worldViewDir);

				fixed3 ambient = UNITY_LIGHTMODEL_AMBIENT.xyz;


				fixed3 diffuse = _LightColor0.rgb * _Color.rgb * max(0 , dot(worldNormal , worldLightDir));

				fixed3 refraction = texCUBE(_Cubemap, i.worldRefr).rgb * _RefractColor.rgb;

				UNITY_LIGHT_ATTENUATION(atten, i ,i.worldPos);

				fixed3 color = ambient + lerp(diffuse ,  refraction , _RefractAmount) * atten;

				return fixed4(color, 1.0);
			}
			ENDCG
		}
	}
	FallBack "Diffuse"
}

菲涅耳反射

当光线照射到物体表面时，一部分发生反射，一部分进入物体内部，发生折射和散射。被反射的光和入射光之间存在一定的比率关系，这个比率关系可以通过菲涅耳等式进行计算。

Shader "Custom/Fresnel" {
	Properties {
		_Color ("Color Tint", Color) = (1,1,1,1)
		_FresnelScale ("Fresnel Scale", Range(0,1)) = 0.5
		_Cubemap ("Reflection Cubemap", Cube) = "_Skybox" {}
	}
	SubShader 
	{
		Tags { "RenderType"="Opaque" "Queue"="Geometry"}

		Pass
		{
			Tags { "LightMode"="ForwardBase" }

			CGPROGRAM
			#pragma multi_compile_fwdbase

			#pragma vertex vert
			#pragma fragment frag
			#include "Lighting.cginc"
			#include "AutoLight.cginc"

			fixed4 _Color;
			fixed _FresnelScale;
			samplerCUBE _Cubemap;
			
			struct a2v
			{
				float4 vertex : POSITION;
				float3 normal : NORMAL;
			};
			struct v2f
			{
				float4 pos : SV_POSITION;
				fixed3 worldPos : TEXCOORD0;
				fixed3 worldNormal : TEXCOORD1;
				fixed3 worldViewDir : TEXCOORD2;
				fixed3 worldRefl : TEXCOORD3;
				SHADOW_COORDS(4)
			};

			v2f vert(a2v v)
			{
				v2f o;

				o.pos = UnityObjectToClipPos( v.vertex);

				o.worldNormal = UnityObjectToWorldNormal(v.normal);
				o.worldPos =  mul(unity_ObjectToWorld , v.vertex).xyz;

				o.worldViewDir = UnityWorldSpaceViewDir(o.worldPos);
			
				o.worldRefl = reflect(-o.worldViewDir, o.worldNormal);

				TRANSFER_SHADOW(o);

				return o;
			}

			fixed4 frag(v2f i) : SV_Target
			{
				fixed3 worldNormal = normalize(i.worldNormal);
				fixed3 worldLightDir = normalize(UnityWorldSpaceLightDir(i.worldPos));
				fixed3 worldViewDir = normalize(i.worldViewDir);

				fixed3 ambient = UNITY_LIGHTMODEL_AMBIENT.xyz;

				UNITY_LIGHT_ATTENUATION(atten, i ,i.worldPos);

				fixed3 reflection = texCUBE(_Cubemap, i.worldRefl).rgb;

				fixed fresnel = _FresnelScale + (1 - _FresnelScale) * pow(1- dot(worldViewDir, worldNormal), 5);
				fixed3 diffuse = _LightColor0.rgb * _Color.rgb * max(0 , dot(worldNormal , worldLightDir));

				fixed3 color = ambient + lerp(diffuse ,  reflection , saturate(fresnel)) * atten;

				return fixed4(color, 1.0);
			}
			ENDCG
		}
	}
	FallBack "Diffuse"
}

 

渲染纹理

现代的GPU允许我们把整个三维场景渲染到一个中间缓冲中，即渲染目标纹理，而不是传统的帧缓冲或后备缓冲，与之相关的是多重渲染目标，这种技术指的是GPU允许我们把场景同时渲染到多个目标纹理中，而不需要为每个渲染目标纹理单独渲染完整的场景。

Unity为渲染目标纹理定义了一种专门的纹理类型——渲染纹理。

使用渲染纹理通常有两种方式：一种是在Project目录下创建一个渲染纹理，然后把某个摄像机的渲染目标设置成该渲染纹理，另一种方式是在屏幕后处理时使用GrabPass命令或者OnRenderImage函数来获取当前屏幕图像，Unity会把这个屏幕图像放到一张和屏幕分辨率等同的渲染纹理中。

 

镜子效果

Shader "Custom/Mirror" {
	Properties {
		_MainTex ("Main Tex", 2D) = "white" {}
	}
	SubShader {
		Tags { "RenderType"="Opaque" "Queue"="Geometry"}
		
		Pass {
			CGPROGRAM
			
			#pragma vertex vert
			#pragma fragment frag
			
			sampler2D _MainTex;
			
			struct a2v {
				float4 vertex : POSITION;
				float3 texcoord : TEXCOORD0;
			};
			
			struct v2f {
				float4 pos : SV_POSITION;
				float2 uv : TEXCOORD0;
			};
			
			v2f vert(a2v v) {
				v2f o;
				o.pos = UnityObjectToClipPos(v.vertex);
				
				o.uv = v.texcoord;
				// Mirror needs to filp x
				o.uv.x = 1 - o.uv.x;
				
				return o;
			}
			
			fixed4 frag(v2f i) : SV_Target {
				return tex2D(_MainTex, i.uv);
			}
			
			ENDCG
		}
	} 
 	FallBack Off
}

 

玻璃效果

Shader "Custom/Glass Refraction" {
	Properties {
		_MainTex ("Main Tex", 2D) = "white" {}
		_BumpMap ("Normal Map", 2D) = "bump" {}
		_Cubemap ("Environment Cubemap", Cube) = "_Skybox" {}
		_Distortion ("Distortion", Range(0, 100)) = 10
		_RefractAmount ("Refract Amount", Range(0.0, 1.0)) = 1.0
	}
	SubShader {
		// We must be transparent, so other objects are drawn before this one.
		Tags { "Queue"="Transparent" "RenderType"="Opaque" }
		
		// This pass grabs the screen behind the object into a texture.
		// We can access the result in the next pass as _RefractionTex
		GrabPass { "_RefractionTex" }
		
		Pass {		
			CGPROGRAM
			
			#pragma vertex vert
			#pragma fragment frag
			
			#include "UnityCG.cginc"
			
			sampler2D _MainTex;
			float4 _MainTex_ST;
			sampler2D _BumpMap;
			float4 _BumpMap_ST;
			samplerCUBE _Cubemap;
			float _Distortion;
			fixed _RefractAmount;
			sampler2D _RefractionTex;
			float4 _RefractionTex_TexelSize;
			
			struct a2v {
				float4 vertex : POSITION;
				float3 normal : NORMAL;
				float4 tangent : TANGENT; 
				float2 texcoord: TEXCOORD0;
			};
			
			struct v2f {
				float4 pos : SV_POSITION;
				float4 scrPos : TEXCOORD0;
				float4 uv : TEXCOORD1;
				float4 TtoW0 : TEXCOORD2;  
			    float4 TtoW1 : TEXCOORD3;  
			    float4 TtoW2 : TEXCOORD4; 
			};
			
			v2f vert (a2v v) {
				v2f o;
				o.pos = UnityObjectToClipPos(v.vertex);
				
				o.scrPos = ComputeGrabScreenPos(o.pos);
				
				o.uv.xy = TRANSFORM_TEX(v.texcoord, _MainTex);
				o.uv.zw = TRANSFORM_TEX(v.texcoord, _BumpMap);
				
				float3 worldPos = mul(unity_ObjectToWorld, v.vertex).xyz;  
				fixed3 worldNormal = UnityObjectToWorldNormal(v.normal);  
				fixed3 worldTangent = UnityObjectToWorldDir(v.tangent.xyz);  
				fixed3 worldBinormal = cross(worldNormal, worldTangent) * v.tangent.w; 
				
				o.TtoW0 = float4(worldTangent.x, worldBinormal.x, worldNormal.x, worldPos.x);  
				o.TtoW1 = float4(worldTangent.y, worldBinormal.y, worldNormal.y, worldPos.y);  
				o.TtoW2 = float4(worldTangent.z, worldBinormal.z, worldNormal.z, worldPos.z);  
				
				return o;
			}
			
			fixed4 frag (v2f i) : SV_Target {		
				float3 worldPos = float3(i.TtoW0.w, i.TtoW1.w, i.TtoW2.w);
				fixed3 worldViewDir = normalize(UnityWorldSpaceViewDir(worldPos));
				
				// Get the normal in tangent space
				fixed3 bump = UnpackNormal(tex2D(_BumpMap, i.uv.zw));	
				
				// Compute the offset in tangent space
				float2 offset = bump.xy * _Distortion * _RefractionTex_TexelSize.xy;
				i.scrPos.xy = offset * i.scrPos.z + i.scrPos.xy;
				fixed3 refrCol = tex2D(_RefractionTex, i.scrPos.xy/i.scrPos.w).rgb;
				
				// Convert the normal to world space
				bump = normalize(half3(dot(i.TtoW0.xyz, bump), dot(i.TtoW1.xyz, bump), dot(i.TtoW2.xyz, bump)));
				fixed3 reflDir = reflect(-worldViewDir, bump);
				fixed4 texColor = tex2D(_MainTex, i.uv.xy);
				fixed3 reflCol = texCUBE(_Cubemap, reflDir).rgb * texColor.rgb;
				
				fixed3 finalColor = reflCol * (1 - _RefractAmount) + refrCol * _RefractAmount;
				
				return fixed4(finalColor, 1);
			}
			
			ENDCG
		}
	}
	
	FallBack "Diffuse"
}

渲染纹理和GrabPass的对比：

渲染纹理：效果更高

GrabPass：实现简单

 

Unity引入了命令缓冲来允许我们扩展Unity的渲染流水线

 

程序纹理

使用特点的一些算法来创建个性化图案或非常真实的自然元素，由计算机生成的图像

Unity的程序材质：

使用一个名为SubstanceDesigner软件在Unity外部生成的。