python+opencv4读取图像

1安装opencv
2安装jupyter Notebook

1读取图片

import cv2 #opencv读取的格式是BGR
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np 
%matplotlib inline 

img=cv2.imread('cat.jpg')

2读取灰度图像

img=cv2.imread('cat.jpg',cv2.IMREAD_GRAYSCALE)
img

#%%

img.shape

cv2.imshow('image',img) 
# 等待时间，毫秒级，0表示任意键终止
cv2.waitKey(10000) 
cv2.destroyAllWindows()
cv2.imwrite('mycat.png',img)  #保存图像

读取视频

- cv2.VideoCapture可以捕获摄像头，用数字来控制不同的设备，例如0,1。
- 如果是视频文件，直接指定好路径即可
- 。

vc = cv2.VideoCapture('test.mp4')

#%%

# 检查是否打开正确
if vc.isOpened(): 
    oepn, frame = vc.read()
else:
    open = False

#%%

while open:
    ret, frame = vc.read()
    if frame is None:
        break
    if ret == True:
        gray = cv2.cvtColor(frame,  cv2.COLOR_BGR2GRAY)
        #去掉上面这行显示的是彩色视频
        cv2.imshow('result', gray)
        if cv2.waitKey(100) & 0xFF == 27:
            break
vc.release()
cv2.destroyAllWindows()

4 显示ROI区域

cat=img[0:50,0:200] 
cv_show('cat',cat)

5显示某个通道

b,g,r=cv2.split(img)

```python
# 只保留R
cur_img = img.copy()
cur_img[:,:,0] = 0
cur_img[:,:,1] = 0
cv_show('R',cur_img)

cur_img = img.copy()
cur_img[:,:,0] = 0
cur_img[:,:,2] = 0
cv_show('G',cur_img)



cur_img = img.copy()
cur_img[:,:,1] = 0
cur_img[:,:,2] = 0
cv_show('B',cur_img)


6 边界填充

```python
top_size,bottom_size,left_size,right_size = (50,50,50,50)

replicate = cv2.copyMakeBorder(img, top_size, bottom_size, left_size, right_size, borderType=cv2.BORDER_REPLICATE)
reflect = cv2.copyMakeBorder(img, top_size, bottom_size, left_size, right_size,cv2.BORDER_REFLECT)
reflect101 = cv2.copyMakeBorder(img, top_size, bottom_size, left_size, right_size, cv2.BORDER_REFLECT_101)
wrap = cv2.copyMakeBorder(img, top_size, bottom_size, left_size, right_size, cv2.BORDER_WRAP)
constant = cv2.copyMakeBorder(img, top_size, bottom_size, left_size, right_size,cv2.BORDER_CONSTANT, value=0)

```python
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
plt.subplot(231), plt.imshow(img, 'gray'), plt.title('ORIGINAL')
plt.subplot(232), plt.imshow(replicate, 'gray'), plt.title('REPLICATE')
plt.subplot(233), plt.imshow(reflect, 'gray'), plt.title('REFLECT')
plt.subplot(234), plt.imshow(reflect101, 'gray'), plt.title('REFLECT_101')
plt.subplot(235), plt.imshow(wrap, 'gray'), plt.title('WRAP')
plt.subplot(236), plt.imshow(constant, 'gray'), plt.title('CONSTANT')

plt.show()