创建一个匿名函数并执行。Objective-C采用的是上尖号^,而C++ 11采用的是配对的方括号[]。实例如下:
#include <iostream>
usingnamespace std;
intmain()
{
[]{
cout << "Hello,Worldn";
}();
}
我们也可以方便的将这个创建的匿名函数赋值出来调用:
#include <iostream>
usingnamespace std;
intmain()
{
inti = 1024;
autofunc = [](inti) { // (int i) 是指传入改匿名函数的参数
cout << i;
};
func(i);
}
捕获选项
- [] Capture nothing (or, a scorched earth strategy?)
- [&] Capture any referenced variable by reference
- [=] Capture any referenced variable by making a copy
- [=, &foo] Capture any referenced variable by making a copy, but capture variable foo by reference
- [bar] Capture bar by making a copy; don’t copy anything else
- [this] Capture the this pointer of the enclosing class
[] 不捕获任何变量
#include <iostream>
usingnamespace std;
intmain()
{
inti = 1024;
autofunc = [] { cout << i; };
func();
}
vs 报错
error C3493: 无法隐式捕获“i”,因为尚未指定默认捕获模式
error C2064: 项不会计算为接受 0 个参数的函数
g++ 报错:
error: ‘i’ is not captured
要直接沿用外部的变量需要在 [] 中指名捕获。
[=] 拷贝捕获
#include <iostream>
usingnamespace std;
intmain()
{
inti = 1024;
autofunc = [=]{ // [=] 表明将外部的所有变量拷贝一份到该函数内部
cout << i;
};
func();
}
结果:
1024
#include <iostream>
usingnamespace std;
intmain()
{
inti = 1024;
autofun1 = [=]{
// fun1 内存在 i
cout << i; // 1024
autofun2 = []{ // 未指名捕获, i 不存在
cout << i;
};
fun2();
};
fun1();
}
[&] 引用捕获
#include <iostream>
usingnamespace std;
intmain()
{
inti = 1024;
cout << &i << endl;
autofun1 = [&]{
cout << &i << endl;
};
fun1();
}
结果:
0x28ff0c
0x28ff0c
[=, &] 拷贝与引用混合
#include <iostream>
usingnamespace std;
intmain()
{
inti = 1024, j = 2048;
cout << "i:"<< &i << endl;
cout << "j:"<< &j << endl;
autofun1 = [=, &i]{ // 默认拷贝外部所有变量,但引用变量 i
cout << "i:"<< &i << endl;
cout << "j:"<< &j << endl;
};
fun1();
}
结果
outside i:0x28ff0c
outside j:0x28ff08
inside i:0x28ff0c
inside j:0x28ff04
[bar] 指定引用或拷贝
#include <iostream>
usingnamespace std;
intmain()
{
inti = 1024, j = 2048;
cout << "outside i value:" << i << " addr:" << &i << endl;
autofun1 = [i]{
cout << "inside i value:" << i << " addr:" << &i << endl;
// cout << j << endl; // j 未捕获
};
fun1();
}
结果:
outside i value:1024 addr:0x28ff08
inside i value:1024 addr:0x28ff04
#include <iostream>
usingnamespace std;
intmain()
{
inti = 1024, j = 2048;
cout << "outside i value:" << i << " addr:" << &i << endl;
autofun1 = [&i]{
cout << "inside i value:" << i << " addr:" << &i << endl;
// cout << j << endl; // j 未捕获
};
fun1();
}
结果:
outside i value:1024 addr:0x28ff08
inside i value:1024 addr:0x28ff08
#include <iostream>
usingnamespace std;
intmain()
{
inti = 1024, j = 2048, k;
cout << "outside i:" << &i << endl;
cout << "outside j:" << &j << endl;
autofun1 = [i, &j]{
cout << "inside i:" << &i << endl;
cout << "inside j:" << &j << endl;
// cout << k; // k 未捕获
};
fun1();
}
结果:
outside i:0x28ff0c
outside j:0x28ff08
inside i:0x28ff00
inside j:0x28ff08
[this] 捕获 this 指针
#include <iostream>
usingnamespace std;
classtest
{
public:
voidhello() {
cout << "test hello!n";
};
voidlambda() {
autofun = [this]{// 捕获了 this 指针
this->hello();// 这里 this 调用的就是 class test 的对象了
};
fun();
}
};
intmain()
{
test t;
t.lambda();
}