《带你学C带你飞》—— SE44传递结构体变量和结构体指针

1. 使用结构体嵌套、结构体函数来写书的信息的程序

#include <stdio.h>

struct Date
{
	int year;
	int month;
	int day;
};

struct Book
{
	char title[200];
	char author[40];
	float price;
	struct Date date;
	char publisher[40];
}; 

struct Book getInput(struct Book book);
void printBook(struct Book book);

struct Book getInput(struct Book book)
{
	printf("请输入书名：");
	scanf("%s",book.title); 
	printf("请输入作者："); 
	scanf("%s",book.author); 
	printf("请输入售价："); 
	scanf("%f",&book.price);   //scanf里字符型变量不可以写.f。要写%f 
	printf("请输入出版日期：");
	scanf("%d-%d-%d",&book.date.year, &book.date.month, &book.date.day);  
	printf("请输入出版社：");
	scanf("%s",book.publisher);  
	return book;         			//这里一定要return book； 
}
void printBook(struct Book book)    //这个函数的类型写void，参数类型是结构体变量 
{
	printf("书名：%s\n",book.title);	
	printf("作者：%s\n",book.author);	
	printf("售价：%.2f\n",book.price);	
	printf("出版日期：%d-%d-%d\n",book.date.year, book.date.month, book.date.day);	
	printf("出版社：%s\n",book.publisher);	
}

int main(void)
{
	struct Book b1,b2;
	printf("请输入第一本书的信息....\n");
	b1 = getInput(b1);
	putchar('\n');
	printf("请输入第二本书的信息....\n");
	b2 = getInput(b2);
	
	printf("\n\n录入完毕，现在开始打印验证....\n\n");
	printf("现在开始打印第一本书的信息：\n"); 
	
	printBook(b1);
	putchar('\n');
	printf("现在开始打印第二本书的信息：\n");
	printBook(b2);
	
	return 0;
	
}

为了提高程序运行效率，需要不直接传入结构体，而去传递结构体 的指针

#include <stdio.h>

struct Date
{
	int year;
	int month;
	int day;
};

struct Book
{
	char title[200];
	char author[40];
	float price;
	struct Date date;
	char publisher[40];
}; 

void getInput(struct Book *book);
void printBook(struct Book book);

void getInput(struct Book *book)
{
	printf("请输入书名：");
	scanf("%s",book->title); 
	printf("请输入作者："); 
	scanf("%s",book->author); 
	printf("请输入售价："); 
	scanf("%f",&book->price);   //scanf里字符型变量不可以写.f。要写%f 
	printf("请输入出版日期：");
	scanf("%d-%d-%d",&book->date.year, &book->date.month, &book->date.day);  
	printf("请输入出版社：");
	scanf("%s",book->publisher);  

}
void printBook(struct Book *book)    //这个函数的类型写void，参数类型是结构体变量 
{
	printf("书名：%s\n",book->title);	
	printf("作者：%s\n",book->author);	
	printf("售价：%.2f\n",book->price);	
	printf("出版日期：%d-%d-%d\n",book->date.year, book->date.month, book->date.day);	
	printf("出版社：%s\n",book->publisher);	
}

int main(void)
{
	struct Book b1,b2;
	printf("请输入第一本书的信息....\n");
	getInput(&b1);
	putchar('\n');
	printf("请输入第二本书的信息....\n");
	getInput(&b2);
	
	printf("\n\n录入完毕，现在开始打印验证....\n\n");
	printf("现在开始打印第一本书的信息：\n"); 
	
	printBook(&b1);
	putchar('\n');
	printf("现在开始打印第二本书的信息：\n");
	printBook(&b2);
	
	return 0;
	
}

动态为结构体申请变量

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

struct Date
{
	int year;
	int month;
	int day;
};

struct Book
{
	char title[200];
	char author[40];
	float price;
	struct Date date;
	char publisher[40];
}; 

void getInput(struct Book *book);
void printBook(struct Book book);

void getInput(struct Book *book)
{
	printf("请输入书名：");
	scanf("%s",book->title); 
	printf("请输入作者："); 
	scanf("%s",book->author); 
	printf("请输入售价："); 
	scanf("%f",&book->price);   //scanf里字符型变量不可以写.f。要写%f 
	printf("请输入出版日期：");
	scanf("%d-%d-%d",&book->date.year, &book->date.month, &book->date.day);  
	printf("请输入出版社：");
	scanf("%s",book->publisher);  

}
void printBook(struct Book *book)    //这个函数的类型写void，参数类型是结构体变量 
{
	printf("书名：%s\n",book->title);	
	printf("作者：%s\n",book->author);	
	printf("售价：%.2f\n",book->price);	
	printf("出版日期：%d-%d-%d\n",book->date.year, book->date.month, book->date.day);	
	printf("出版社：%s\n",book->publisher);	
}

int main(void)
{
	struct Book *b1,*b2;
	
	b1 = (struct Book *)malloc(sizeof(struct Book));
	b2 = (struct Book *)malloc(sizeof(struct Book));
	if (b1 == NULL || b2 == NULL)
	{
		printf("动态分配内存失败！\n");           //检查动态内存分配是否成功，失败exit(1);
		exit(1);
	}
	
	printf("请输入第一本书的信息....\n");
	getInput(b1);
	putchar('\n');
	printf("请输入第二本书的信息....\n");
	getInput(b2);
	
	printf("\n\n录入完毕，现在开始打印验证....\n\n");
	printf("现在开始打印第一本书的信息：\n"); 
	
	printBook(b1);
	putchar('\n');
	printf("现在开始打印第二本书的信息：\n");
	printBook(b2);
	
	free(b1);										//free函数和exit都需要使用stdlib.h头文件
	free(b2);

	return 0;
	
}

综上所学，构建一个图书馆程序

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

struct Date
{
        int year;
        int moon;
        int day;
};

struct Book
{
        char title[128];
        char author[40];
        float price;
        struct Date date;
        char publisher[40];
};

void getInput(struct Book *book);
void printBook(struct Book * book);

void getInput(struct Book  *book)
{
        printf("请输入书名: ");
        scanf("%s", book->title);
        printf("请输入作者: ");
        scanf("%s", book->author);
        printf("请输入售价: ");
        scanf("%f", &book->price);
        printf("请输入出版日期: ");
        scanf("%d-%d-%d", &book->date.year, &book->date.moon, &book->date.day);
        printf("请输入出版社: ");
        scanf("%s", book->publisher);
}

void printBook(struct Book *book)
{
        printf("书名: %s\n", book->title);
        printf("作者: %s\n", book->author);
        printf("售价: %.2f\n", book->price);
        printf("出版日期: %d-%d-%d\n", book->date.year, book->date.moon, book->date.day);
        printf("出版社: %s\n", book->publisher);
}

int main(void)
{        
        int number;

        printf("你好请输入要存入的图书的数量: ");
        scanf("%d", &number);

        struct Book *bookarray[number];
        
        for(int i = 0; i < number; i++){
                bookarray[i] = (struct Book *)malloc(sizeof(struct Book));

                if(bookarray[i] == NULL){
                        printf("Failure!!!");
                        exit(1);
                }
                
                printf("请输入第%d本书的信息\n", i+1);
                getInput(bookarray[i]);
                putchar('\n');
        }

        printf("录入完毕现在打印验证....\n\n");

        for(int i = 0; i < number; i++){
                printf("第%d本书的信息\n", i+1);
                printBook(bookarray[i]);
                putchar('\n');
        }

        return 0;
}