C#里有一个很好用的foreach关键字,有些时候可以取代for循环来遍历一个数据结构,例如List、Dictionary等。而自定义的类型如果希望可以foreach来遍历的话就需要继承IEnumerable,并为它添加一个迭代器类(继承IEnumerator)。
我之前在小话设计模式(十五)迭代器模式中简单介绍过IEnumerable的写法,这里就以此为例。
继承自IEnumable(即可被枚举/迭代的类型)接口的Inventory类(接口方法GetEnumerator):
public class Inventory : IEnumerable
{
private List<object> _items = new List<object>();
public object this[int index]
{
get { return _items [index];}
set { _items.Insert (index, value);}
}
public int Count
{
get { return _items.Count;}
}
IEnumerator _enumerator;
public IEnumerator GetEnumerator()
{
if (_enumerator == null) {
_enumerator = new InventoryEnumerator (this);
}
_enumerator.Reset ();
return _enumerator;
}
}
继承自IEnumerator(即枚举/迭代器)接口的InventoryEnumerator类(接口方法MoveNext、Reset和接口属性current):
public class InventoryEnumerator : IEnumerator
{
private int _current = -1;
private Inventory _inventory;
public InventoryEnumerator(Inventory inventory)
{
_inventory = inventory;
}
public object Current
{
get {
return _inventory [_current];
}
}
public bool MoveNext()
{
_current++;
return _current < _inventory.Count;
}
public void Reset()
{
_current = -1;
}
}
这样就可以使用foreach来遍历Inventory:
Inventory inventory = new Inventory ();
inventory[0] = "stone";
inventory[1] = "twig";
inventory[2] = "log";
inventory[3] = "carrot";
foreach (object obj in inventory) {
Console.WriteLine (obj);
}
除了显示的创建可枚举类之外,我们还可以使用yield隐式地实现一个IEnumable类型:
public IEnumerable CreateEnum()
{
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
yield return i;
}
}
使用:
foreach (var i in CreateEnum()) {
Console.WriteLine (i);
}