Python function

python 知识点整理（三）

本文只是对python部分知识点进行学习和整理
本篇主要是针对python的function的总结

in python there are two kinds of funtion

• build-in function eg:print()/int()
• define by users

function definition

def function

• creat with ‘def’
• optional parameters in parenthesis 可选变量在括号中

argument/parameters/return values

• argument 实参 输入的参数
• parameters 形参 def函数时候输入的参数
• return 返回值

multiple parameters/arguments/return

multiple

• default argument
  1.Arguments can be set as default argument values
  2.Default argument values will work when function is invoked without respective arguments

void functions

Void function is a function that does not return any value

scope of variables

local/global

a variable created in function is referred to as local variable

x=1
def f():
    x=2
    return x
print(f())
x

2
1

could use “global” make it became global variable

x=1
def f():
	global x
    x=x+1
    return x
print(f())
x

2
2

the value of x has changed

string type

index

start with 0 to (largest number-1)

len()

get the string length
Python error if you attempt to index beyond the end of a string

looping/counting

details in part(2)

slicing-str[:]/str[::]

• start with first num
• The second number is one beyond the end of the slice, which is not included

“in” in logical expression

returns True or False

string library

find()/upper()/lower()/replace()/strip()/startwith()

fruit='banana'
print(fruit.find('na'))
print(fruit.find('z'))

print(fruit.upper())
upp='UPPER STRING'
print(upp.lower())
print(fruit.replace('na','nnee'))

greet=' hello bob '
print(greet.lstrip())
print(greet.rstrip())
print(greet.strip())

2
-1
BANANA
upper string
banneennee
hello bob 
 hello bob
hello bob

break/continue/indefinite/definite

details in part(2)

file processing

open

handle = open(filename, mode)
mode:r-read;w-write

\n

换行符
We represent it as ‘\n’ in strings; Newline is still one character, not two

read lines

#框架
file=open()
for line in file:
	print(line)
#whole 
all=flie.read()

filehandle.write(str)

#大致框架
file=open('xxxxxx','w')
file.write('the first line\n')
file.write('the second line\n')
file.close()