线性分类的jupyter实践

熟悉Jupyter环境下的python编程，在Jupyter下完成一个鸢尾花数据集的线性多分类、可视化显示与测试精度实验。

一.取萼片的长宽作为特征进行分类

import numpy as np
from sklearn.linear_model import LogisticRegression
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import matplotlib as mpl
from sklearn import preprocessing
import pandas as pd
from sklearn.preprocessing import StandardScaler
from sklearn.pipeline import Pipeline

df = pd.read_csv('http://archive.ics.uci.edu/ml/machine-learning-databases/iris/iris.data', header=0)
x = df.values[:, :-1]
y = df.values[:, -1]
print('x = \n', x)
print('y = \n', y)
le = preprocessing.LabelEncoder()
le.fit(['Iris-setosa', 'Iris-versicolor', 'Iris-virginica'])
print(le.classes_)
y = le.transform(y)
print('Last Version, y = \n', y)

结果

对数据集进行处理

x = x[:, :2] 
print(x)
print(y)
x = StandardScaler().fit_transform(x)
lr = LogisticRegression()   # Logistic回归模型
lr.fit(x, y.ravel())        # 根据数据[x,y]，计算回归参数

N, M = 500, 500     # 横纵各采样多少个值
x1_min, x1_max = x[:, 0].min(), x[:, 0].max()   # 第0列的范围
x2_min, x2_max = x[:, 1].min(), x[:, 1].max()   # 第1列的范围
t1 = np.linspace(x1_min, x1_max, N)
t2 = np.linspace(x2_min, x2_max, M)
x1, x2 = np.meshgrid(t1, t2)                    # 生成网格采样点
x_test = np.stack((x1.flat, x2.flat), axis=1)   # 测试点

cm_light = mpl.colors.ListedColormap(['#77E0A0', '#FF8080', '#A0A0FF'])
cm_dark = mpl.colors.ListedColormap(['g', 'r', 'b'])
y_hat = lr.predict(x_test)       # 预测值
y_hat = y_hat.reshape(x1.shape)                 # 使之与输入的形状相同
plt.pcolormesh(x1, x2, y_hat, cmap=cm_light)     # 预测值的显示
plt.scatter(x[:, 0], x[:, 1], c=y.ravel(), edgecolors='k', s=50, cmap=cm_dark)    
plt.xlabel('petal length')
plt.ylabel('petal width')
plt.xlim(x1_min, x1_max)
plt.ylim(x2_min, x2_max)
plt.grid()
plt.savefig('2.png')
plt.show()

预测模型

y_hat = lr.predict(X)
Y = Y.reshape(-1)
result = y_hat == Y
print(y_hat)
print(result)
acc = np.mean(result)
print('准确度: %.2f%%' % (100 * acc))

二.取花瓣的长宽作为特征进行分类

X=X[:,2:]